LONG-TERM WATER PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION OF INSULINS AND THEIR USES

专利摘要:
long-acting insulin formulations. the application concerns an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising 200 to 1000 u / ml [equimolar to 200 to 1000 iu of human insulin] insulin glargine, with the proviso that the concentration of said formulation is not 684 u / ml insulin glargine, and its use.
公开号:BR112012029131B1
申请号:R112012029131-9
申请日:2011-05-18
公开日:2020-03-10
发明作者:Reinhard Becker；Annke Frick；Peter Boderke；Christiane Fuerst；Werner Mueller；Katrin Tertsch；Ulrich Werner；Petra Loos；Isabell Schoettle
申请人:Sanofi；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Invention Patent Descriptive Report for "LONG-TERM WATER PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION OF INSULINS AND THEIR USES".
[0001] The application relates to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising 200 to 1000 U / ml [equimolar to 200 to 1000 IU of human insulin] insulin glargine, with the proviso that the concentration of said formulation is not 684 U / mL of insulin glargine, and its use.
[0002] Insulin glargine is human insulin 31B-32B-Di-Arg, a human insulin analog, with another substitution of asparagine at position A21 for glycine.
[0003] Lantus® is an insulin product containing insulin glargine that provides a 24-hour supply of basal insulin after a single-dose subcutaneous injection.
[0004] The glycodynamic effect of Lantus® is distinguished from other insulin products currently sold due to a delayed and predictable absorption of insulin glargine from the subcutaneous injection site resulting in a 24-hour action and concentration profile homogeneous without a defined peak. Lantus® was developed to meet the medical need for a long-acting insulin product that can be administered as a single daily injection to produce normal or close to normal blood glucose control with a basal insulin profile that is as homogeneous as possible during a 24-hour period. Such a preparation provides good blood glucose control throughout the day, while minimizing the tendency to produce hypoglycemia seen with other insulin preparations with a more defined "peak" effect.
[0005] A considerable number of patients, in particular those with increased insulin resistance due to obesity, use large doses to control blood glucose. For example, a dose of 100 U requires an injection of 1 mL of Lantus® U100, which can confer some discomfort; each mL of Lantus® U100 contains 100 U (3.6378 mg) of insulin glargine. To reduce the injection volume, a formulation containing 300 U of insulin glargine per mL was developed. Although the invention is not limited to an insulin glargine U300 formulation, the clinical studies described here have been conducted with an insulin glargine U300 formulation; each mL of insulin glargine U300 contains 300 U (10.9134 mg) of insulin glargine. This formulation will allow patients to inject the same number of units of insulin glargine in one third of the injection volume.
[0006] Both insulin glargine formulations, U100 and U300, were expected to provide the same insulin exposure and the same effectiveness, that is, time profiles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0007] Exposure and activity of insulin glargine U300, the test medication (T), were tested in healthy non-diabetic subjects on euglycemic clamps for equivalence in exposure and activity to Lantus U100, the approved reference product (R). Due to the long duration of action of insulin glargine after subcutaneous administration, 30 hours were selected. Exposure was estimated from time profiles of insulin glargine concentration after subcutaneous administration while activity was simultaneously estimated as glucose utilization per unit of insulin.
[0008] A replication project made it possible to limit the number of individuals to estimate bioequivalence and variability as recommended by the FDA standard "Guidance for Industry, Statistical Approaches to Establishing Bioequivalence".
[0009] The respective clinical study was expected to establish equivalence in exposure and activity.
[00010] A dose of 0.4 U / kg was selected for this study; it corresponds to the average basal insulin dose in patients. In healthy non-diabetic individuals, this dose produces a very large increase in plasma insulin concentration and a fasting glucose-lowering effect that can be quantified in euglycemic clamp fixations.
[00011] The replication design favored by standards requires two single-dose injections replicated from each PI (R: Lantus® U100, T: insulin glargine U300) in cross-sequences in four predefined ways (RTTR or TRRT) as distributed by the design of rarization. This was performed in Periods (P) 1 to 4 on four different days. As a result, each individual received two single replicated subcutaneous doses of 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 (R) and insulin glargine U300 (T), alternating between two opposite sites in the periumbilical area.
[00012] An elimination period of 4 to 18 days separated each dosing day. The length of the elimination period varied individually allowing both the participant and the researcher to adjust to their needs. From experience, 4 days comprise a minimum recovery period, allowing 1 clip per week for one participant, while 18 days represent a 3-week break between clip days, allowing individuals more freedom to fulfill non-study obligations.
[00013] Before euglycemic staple visits, in SCR (assessment visit), individuals were assessed for eligibility, and on EOS visit (end of study) individuals had to go for a final exam to ensure health status normal. Assessment and P1 should not be separated by more than 21 days, while EOS visits occurred no earlier than the same day of the week as Day 1 of P4 of the following week, that is, after 4 more days, and no more later than a fortnight after Day 2 of P4, that is, after another 14 days.
[00014] This was a single dose study with 4 replication administrations in total. The effect of the IPs lasted for about 24 hours, which is why the individuals were confined to the institute for 2 days. Subjects were exposed to treatment 4 times.
[00015] The primary objective of the study was to estimate the average bioequivalence (ABE) of Lantus® U100 (commercial formulation) and insulin glargine U300 in bioavailability (exposure) and bioeffectiveness (activity) using the euglycemic clamp technique.
[00016] The secondary objective of the study was to estimate the safety and tolerability of insulin glargine U300.
[00017] As mentioned above, both insulin glargine formulations, U100 and U300, were expected to provide the same insulin exposure and the same efficacy. However, surprisingly, insulin exposure and efficacy have been shown not to be the same. Insulin glargine U 100 and insulin glargine U 300 are not equivalent in bioavailability (exposure) and bioeffectiveness (activity). Exposure and activity after administration of insulin glargine U300 were approximately 40% lower when compared to exposure and activity after administration of the same amount (0.4 U / kg) of insulin glargine U100. Insulin glargine U300, however, showed a profile of PK (exposure) and PD (activity) even more uniform than insulin glargine U100, as would be desired for a basal insulin. These surprising and unexpected differences in exposure and activity between the insulin glargine U100 and insulin glargine U300 formulations after the same s.c. dose to healthy subjects are effectively shown in the figures below. Of note, at the same time, blood glucose was constant.
[00018] The blood glucose lowering effect of insulin glargine has been further evaluated in healthy normoglycemic Beagle dogs. With increasing insulin glargine concentration the mean time of action increased from 6.8 h (U100) to 7.69 h (U300), respectively. By increasing the glargine concentration from 100 to 300 U / mL, the action profile with the time of blood glucose decrease was altered with respect to a more uniform and prolonged activity in the dog. Current data in dogs are compatible with data in humans showing that higher drug concentrations of insulin glargine are positively correlated with profile and longer duration of action.
[00019] Additionally, precipitates of insulin glargine formulations having concentrations of 100 U / ml, 300 U / ml, 500 U / ml 700 U / ml and 1000 U / ml were investigated by microscopy. These investigations revealed differences in precipitation characteristics, resulting in noticeably larger particles with increasing concentrations.
[00020] Furthermore, the influence of higher concentrations of insulin glargine formulations with reference to the dissolution properties is investigated using an in vitro test system. To do this, precipitation studies are performed using a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4, simulating in vivo conditions. [00021] The precipitated insulin supernatant is investigated using HPLC technique to determine the insulin glargine content. [00022] WO2008 / 013938 A2 describes an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising insulin glargine at a concentration of 684 U / ml.
[00023] Although the invention is not limited to an insulin glargine U 300 formulation, but is effective with other larger concentrated insulin glargine formulations as outlined in detail in the specification, the clinical studies described here have been performed with an insulin glargine U formulation 300.
[00024] 1 ml of insulin formulation glargine U 300 contains 10,913 mg of human insulin 21A-Gly-30Ba-L-Arg-30Bb-L-Arg [equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin], 90 pg of zinc, 2, 7 mg m-cresol, 20 mg 85% glycerol, HCl and NaOH ad pH 4.0; specific gravity of 1,006 g / mL
[00025] However, variations with respect to the type of excipients and their concentrations are possible.
[00026] The pharmaceutical formulation contains 200 to 1000 U / mL of insulin glargine [equimolar to 200 to 1000 IU of human insulin], wherein the concentration of said formulation is not 684 U / mL, preferably 250 to 500 U / mL of insulin glargine [equimolar to 250 - 500 IU of human insulin], more preferred 270 to 330 U / ml of insulin glargine [equimolar to 270 to 330 IU of human insulin], and even more preferred 300 U / ml of insulin glargine [equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin].
[00027] Surfactants can be added to the pharmaceutical formulation, for example, among others, non-ionic surfactants. In particular, usual pharmaceutically surfactants are preferred, such as, for example: [00028] fatty acid and partial esters and ethers of polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, sorbitol and the like (Span®, Tween®, in particular Tween® 20 and Tween® 80, Myrj®, Brij®), Cremophor® or polyloxamers. Surfactants are present in the pharmaceutical composition at a concentration of 5 to 200 pg / ml, preferably from 5 to 120 pg / ml and particularly preferably from 20 to 75 pg / ml.
[00029] The formulation may additionally contain preservatives (for example, phenol, m-cresol, p-cresol, parabens), isotonic agents (for example, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, dextrose, trehalose, sodium chloride, glycerol), substances buffers, salts, acids and alkalis and other excipients. These substances can in each case be present individually or alternatively as mixtures.
[00030] Glycerol, dextrose, lactose, sorbitol and mannitol can be present in the pharmaceutical preparation in a concentration of 100 to 250 mM, NaCl in a concentration of up to 150 mM. Buffer substances, such as, for example, phosphate, acetate, citrate, arginine, glycylglycine or TRIS buffer (i.e., 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol) and corresponding salts, are present in a concentration of 5 at 250 mM, preferably 10 to 100 mM. Other excipients can be, among others, salts or arginine.
[00031] The zinc concentration of the formulation is in the concentration range that is achieved by the presence of 0 to 1000 pg / ml, preferably 20 to 400 pg / ml zinc, more preferably 90 pg / ml. However, zinc may be present in the form of zinc chloride, but the salt is not limited to being zinc chloride.
[00032] In the pharmaceutical formulation glycerol and / or mannitol can be present in a concentration of 100 to 250 mmol / L, and / or NaCl is preferably present in a concentration of up to 150 mmol / L.
[00033] In the pharmaceutical formulation a buffer substance can be present in a concentration of 5 to 250 mmol / L.
[00034] Another subject of the invention is a pharmaceutical insulin formulation that contains other additives such as, for example, salts that delay the release of insulin. Mixtures of such delayed-release insulins with formulations described above are included here. [00035] Another subject of the invention is directed to a method for the production of such pharmaceutical formulations. To produce the formulations, the ingredients are dissolved in water and the pH is adjusted using HCl and / or NaOH. Likewise, another subject of the invention is directed to the use of such formulations for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
[00036] Another subject of the invention is directed to the use or addition of surfactants as a stabilizer during the process for the production of insulin, insulin analogs or insulin derivatives or their preparations.
[00037] The invention also relates to a formulation as described above which additionally also comprises a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) or an analog or derivative thereof, or exendin-3 or -4 or an analog or derivative thereof , preferably exendin-4.
[00038] The invention also relates to a formulation as described above in which an exendin-4 analogue is selected from a group comprising H-desPro36-exendin-4-Lys6-NH2, H-des (Pro36,37) -exendin -4-Lys4-NH2 and H-des (Pro36,37) -exendin-4-Lys5-NH2, or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof.
[00039] The invention also relates to a formulation as described above in which an exendin-4 analogue is selected from a group comprising desPro36 [Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39), desPro36 [IsoAsp28] exendin-4 (1 -39), desPro36 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39), desPro36 [Met (O) 14, IsoAsp28] exendin-4 (1-39), desPro36 [Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-2 (1-39), desPro36 [Trp (O2) 25, IsoAsp28] exendin-2 (1-39), desPro36 [Met (O) 14Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1- 39) and desPro36 [Met (O) 14Trp (O2) 25, IsoAsp28] exendin-4 (1-39), or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof.
[00040] The invention also relates to a formulation as described in the previous paragraph, wherein the peptide -Lys6-NH2 is attached to the C-termini of the exendin-4 analogs.
[00041] The invention also relates to a formulation as described above in which an exendin-4 analogue is selected from a group comprising H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36 [Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys6 -NH2 des Asp28Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 exendina-4 (1-39) -NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Asp28] exendina-4 (1-39) -NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5 des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Asp28] exendina-4 (1-39) -NH2, des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Asp28] exendina-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H - (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Asp28] exendina-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Asp28] exendina -4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36 [Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys6-NH2, H- des Asp28 Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Trp (O2) 25] exendina-4 (1-39) -NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendina-4 (1 -39) -NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendina-4 (1-39) -NH2, des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Trp ( O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Trp (O2) 25, Asp28 ] exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys6-NH2, des Met (O) 14 Asp28 Pro 36, Pro37, Pro38 exendin-4 (1-39) -NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro 37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 (1 -39) -NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -NH2, des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 ( 1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys6-NH2, H-Asn - (Glu) 5 des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36 [Met (O) 14, Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys6-NH2, des Asp28 Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Trp (O2) 25] exendin-4 (1-39 ) -NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1-39) -NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Asp28] exendina-4 (1-39) -NH2, des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendi na-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H- (Lys) 6- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exendin-4 (1- 39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, H-Asn- (Glu) 5- des Pro36, Pro37, Pro38 [Met (O) 14, Trp (O2) 25, Asp28] exen-dine-4 (1-39) - (Lys) 6-NH2, or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof.
[00042] The invention also relates to a formulation as described above which additionally comprises Arg34, Lys26 (N £ (y-glutamyl (Na-hexadecanoyl))) GLP-1 (7-37) [liraglutide] or a pharmaceutic salt macologically tolerable.
[00043] In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising insulin glargi-na in the range of 200 to 1000 U / ml [equimolar to 200 to 1000 IU of human insulin], preferably 200 U / ml to 650 U / ml, still preferably 700 U / ml to 1000 U / ml, more preferably 270 to 330 U / ml and more preferably at a concentration of 300 U / ml, with the proviso that the concentration of said formulation is not 684 U / mL insulin glargine.
[00044] In addition, the formulation can also comprise an analogue of exendin-4, such as, for example, lixisenatide, exena-tide and liraglutide. These exendin-4 analogs are present in the formulation in the range of 0.1 pg to 10 pg per U of insulin glargine, preferably 0.2 to 1 pg per U of insulin glargine, and more preferably 0.25 pg to 0.7 pg per U of insulin glargine. Lixisenatide is preferred. [00045] Additionally, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation may comprise one or more excipients selected from the group comprising zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium. Specifically, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation can comprise 90 pg / ml zinc, 2.7 mg / ml m-cresol and 20 mg / ml 85% glycerol. Optionally, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation can comprise 20 pg / ml of polysorbate 20.
[00046] The pH of the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation is between 3.4 and 4.6, preferably 4 or 4.5.
[00047] The present invention is directed to a method of treating Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus comprising administering to said patient the aqueous pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to a diabetic patient. Preferred among the various concentration ranges described is a concentration of 300 U / ml and the preferred insulin analogue is insulin glargine. In addition, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation can also comprise zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium and mixtures thereof in the ranges described herein in relation to the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation also comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine. [00048] Insulin is preferably administered once daily, but can be administered twice daily as needed. Dosage requirements are a function of the individual patient's needs determined by obtaining normal or acceptable blood glucose levels.
[00049] The present invention is also directed to a method of extending the duration of exposure of insulin glargine in the treatment of Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a patient comprising administering to said patient the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. Preferred among the various concentration ranges described is a concentration of 300 U / ml. In addition, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation can also comprise zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium and mixtures thereof in the ranges described herein in relation to the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation also comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[00050] The present invention is also directed to a method of reducing the incidence of hypoglycemia in the treatment of Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a patient with insulin glargine comprising administering to said patient the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. Preferred among the various concentration ranges described is a concentration of 300 U / ml. In addition, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation can also comprise zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium and mixtures thereof in the ranges described herein in relation to the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation also comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[00051] The present invention is also directed to a method of providing a lower peak long-acting basal insulin in the treatment of Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a patient with insulin glargine comprising administering to the said patient the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. Preferred among the various concentration ranges described is a concentration of 300 U / ml. In addition, the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation can also comprise zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium and mixtures thereof in the ranges described herein in relation to the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment the aqueous pharmaceutical formulation also comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[00052] Use of an aqueous formulation according to any of the previous items in the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
[00053] The request is described below with the help of some examples, which are in no way intended to act restrictively.
Example 1: Protocol description [00054] This study was a crossover study of 2 sequences, 2 treatments, four periods, single blind, controlled, randomized, single center in healthy individuals with six visits: Visit 1: Evaluation (SCR) Visit 2 to 5, Period (P) 1 - 4: Treatment, euglycemic clamp period Visit 6: End of study (EOS) [00055] Subjects received single subcutaneous doses of 0.4 U / kg insulin glargine U100 and insulin glargine U300 alternately injected at two opposite sites in the periumbilical area (left, right, left, right) on four different days. The study medication was administered with a replication of R and T treatment in 2 sequences, RTTR or TRRT in P1 to P4. An elimination period of 4 to 18 days was separated from each dosing day. A: 0.4 U / kg of body weight of insulin glargine U100 (commercial formulation; Reference) T: 0.4 U / kg of body weight of insulin glargine U300 (Test) [00056] P1 should occur no more than 3 to 21 days after SCR. EOS visit should take place between 4 to 14 days after P4.
[00057] During P1 to P4, individuals were connected to a Biostator to measure blood glucose and adjust the glucose infusion rate. Blood glucose levels and glucose infusion rate (GIR) were monitored for 90 minutes (reference period) before the subcutaneous injection of the study medication and for 30 hours after the administration of the study medication. Infusion of 20% glucose solution started to maintain blood glucose levels at 5% below the individual fasting blood glucose level, determined as the average of the 3 fasting blood glucose values measured 60, 30 and 5 minutes before administration of study medication. GIR profiles were obtained. Blood samples were taken at predetermined times during the euglycemic clamp period to determine serum insulin glargine concentrations. With the exception of tap water, individuals were fasted during the glucose clamp period.
[00058] The duration of this study for an individual was expected to be up to 13 weeks between the SCR and EOS visit.
[00059] The protocol was submitted to independent ethical committees and / or institutional review boards for review and written approval. The protocol complied with the recommendations of the 18th World Health Congress (Helsinki, 1964) and all applicable amendments. The protocol also complied with the laws and regulations, as well as any applicable standards, from Germany, where the study was conducted. Informed consent was obtained before conducting any study-related procedures.
Example 2: Selection of individuals [00060] Twenty-four (24) healthy individuals were planned to be treated in order to have 20 finalists.
[00061] Individuals who meet all of the following criteria were considered for enrollment in the study: Demography • Individuals of any gender between 18 and 50 years of age; • Body weight between 50 kg and 110 kg and body mass index between 18 and 28 kg / m2;
Health status • Certified as healthy following a comprehensive clinical estimate (detailed medical history and complete physical examination); • Non-smoker for at least 3 months; • 12-direction electrocardiogram, and vital signs unless the Investigator considers an abnormality to be clinically irrelevant oNormal vital signs after 5 minutes resting in the supine position: o95 mmHg <systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg; o45 mmHg <diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg; o40 bpm <heart rate <100 bpm; normal 12-way oECG; 120 ms <PR <220 ms, QRS <120 ms, QTc <430 ms (for females: QTc <450 ms); • Laboratory parameters within the normal range unless the Investigator considers an abnormality to be clinically irrelevant for healthy individuals; however serum creatinine and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) must be strictly below the upper laboratory standard; • Normal metabolic control defined as fasting serum glucose (<100 mg / dL) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c <6.1%); • Individuals must be abstaining from regular use of prescription drug therapy for at least four (4) weeks prior to participating in the study;
Obligations for Female Individuals • Female individuals of potential pregnancy and childbirth (defined as pre-menopausal and non-surgically sterilized or post-menopausal for less than 2 years) and sexually active must practice adequate birth control. Adequate birth control is defined as a highly effective method of contraception (Pearl index <1%) such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives or hormonal IUDs (intrauterine devices). Postmenopausal for the purposes of this clinical experience include: amenorrhea for 2 or more years or surgically sterile; • Female subjects should have a negative urine beta-human chorionic go-nadotropin (beta-HCG) pregnancy test during the pre-study assessment, and before the first clamp;
Regulations • Have provided written informed consent prior to any study-related procedure; • Protected by a Health Insurance System and / or in accordance with the recommendations of the National Law in force that reports a biomedical research; • Not be under any administrative or legal supervision.
Individuals presenting with any of the following were not included in the study: Medical history and clinical status • Any history or presence of clinically relevant cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, liver, renal, metabolic, hematological, neurological, psychiatric, systemic, ocular or infectious; any acute infectious disease or signs of acute illness; • Presence or history of drug allergy, or allergic disease diagnosed and treated by a doctor; • Excessive consumption of beverages with xanthine bases (> 4 cups or glasses / day); • Contraindications for (according to normal ranges - if the value is outside the normal range, the individual may be included if the Investigator sees this abnormal value as clinically irrelevant): - medical / surgical history and physical examination - laboratory test ( hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis using a dipstick) - standard 12-direction electrocardiogram - blood pressure and heart rate • Any continuous treatment with prescription drugs or any regular treatment with prescription drugs in the 4 weeks before participating in the study; • Symptoms of a clinically significant illness in the 3 months prior to the study, or of any major internal medical illness in the 4 weeks prior to the study which, according to the Investigator's opinion, may interfere with the purposes of the study; • Presence or sequelae of a disease or other known conditions interfering with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of drugs; • History of drug or alcohol abuse; • History of hypersensitivity to study medication or drugs with similar chemical structures; • Progressive fatal disease; • Pre-planned surgery during the study; • Blood donation of more than 500 mL during the previous 3 months.
[00062] No individual was allowed to enroll in this study more than once.
General conditions • Individual who, in the Investigator's judgment, is likely to be non-submissive during the study, or unable to cooperate because of a poor language or mental development problem or due to a mental condition that makes the individual unable to understand nature , scope and possible consequences of the study; • Individual in a period of exclusion from a previous study according to applicable regulations; • Individual is the Investigator or any Sub-Investigator, Research Assistant, Pharmacist, Study Coordinator, other Staff of the same, directly involved in the conduct of the protocol; • Prescription of an experimental drug within the previous 30 days before SCR.
Biological status • Positive reaction to any of the following tests: anti-HBs, anti-HCV antibodies, anti-HIV1 antibodies, anti-HIV2 antibodies; • Positive results in urine drug analysis in SCR (amphetamines / methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates); • Positive alcohol breath test.
Example 3: Treatments Details of Study Treatments Dose Calculation for Lantus® / insulin glargine formulation [00063] To calculate the amount of insulin glargine administered to each individual (0.4 U / kg), body weight (in kg) it was determined to one decimal place and the amount of insulin calculated was rounded up or down to whole numbers as shown in the following examples: an individual with a body weight of 75.3 kg received 30 U of insulin (75.3 x 0 , 4 = 30.12 which is rounded down to 30); an individual with a body weight of 74.4 kg received 30 U of insulin (74.4 x 0.4 = 29.76, which is rounded up to 30). The body weight recorded during Period 1 day 1 was used to calculate the dose of the study measurement for Periods 2, 3 and 4, unless the body weight changed by more than 2 kg compared to Period 1.
[00064] The quantity in units was the same for both insulin glargine U100 and insulin glargine U300. This specific gravity is the same for both drug products. However, due to the three times higher concentration of insulin glargine in insulin glargine U300 when compared to insulin glargine U100, the volume to be injected and, therefore, the weight was 1/3 for insulin glargine U300. The syringes providing the individual dose were prepared by weight. The net weight was documented only in the Investigator's source documentation. Calculation and Preparation of Dose for Infusions Table 1 - Preparation of infusion IU Code Formulation Manufacturer Dose / Routine of drug ____________________________________________________ administration _____ Glucose Glucose 20% solution for Certificate, selected infusion iv infusion by PROFIL
Heparin sodium- Heparin Frasconete containing Certificate, selected IV infusion ca Intramed 5 mL of solution by PROFIL (5000 IU / mL) Chloride Solution Chloride Certified, selected IV infusion 0.9% sodium _____________________ by PROFIL_________________________ [00065] Glucose solution: 20% glucose solution was infused with the Biostator to maintain the individuals' individual blood glucose at the determined target level. A second infusion pump (part of the Biostator) released 0.9% sodium chloride solution to maintain the patent line. In case the amount of 20% glucose solution needed to exceed the Biostator's infusion capacity, a second glucose infusion pump was built in.
[00066] Heparin: 10,000 IU of heparin in 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was infused into the double lumen catheter at a rate of approximately 2 mL / h to keep it patent for blood glucose measurement by the Biostator .
Description of blinding methods: [00067] This was a single blind study. The different injection volumes prevent the medication from blinding. The injection was made by a medical person authorized otherwise not involved in the study. The Investigator has access to the randomization code. Method of assigning individuals to the treatment group [00068] The study medication was administered only to the individuals included in this study following the procedures established in the clinical study protocol.
[00069] A randomization plan has been generated, which has joined the randomization numbers, stratified by gender, for the treatment sequences of the two Lantus® formulations to be injected in P1 to P4.
[00070] On the morning of day 1 of Period 1, as soon as the Investigator confirmed that the individuals meet the criteria specified in the protocol, the eligible individuals were randomized by the site. The randomization number was subsequently allocated to the individual's number in the order in which the subjects' eligibility was confirmed before P1. The first individual for a gender stratum qualification after SCR received the first randomization number for the appropriate gender stratum. The next individual who qualifies within a stratum received the next rank number within the stratum. The randomization number was used as the treatment kit number to allocate the treatment kit to the individual. Each individual was administered the study medication carrying the number of treatment kits to which he was allocated. The treatment kit containing the IP carried general information, treatment kit number, period number, a field for writing the individual's number on the container box, and additional statements as required by local regulations.
[00071] Individuals who permanently discontinue the study maintained the individual number and randomization number, if previously provided.
Packaging and labeling [00072] The study medication was packaged by Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany according to the randomization project. The cartridges containing the study medication and the cards in which they were packaged were labeled with the study number, randomization number, bill number, storage conditions, Sponsor and the P number. [00073] Measurement supplies of study were received in one shipment. All containers had identical shape labels. In addition, 1 series of syringe labels has been provided. The study medication and spare medication were stored in different refrigerators.
[00074] Before administering the study medication, the Pharmacist or the person designated by him prepared the syringes with the appropriate study medication and labeled the syringe with the individual's number, randomization number and the appropriate period according to study medication containers.
[00075] The content of the label was in accordance with local regulatory requirements and specifications.
Storage conditions [00076] The study medication was stored protected from light at a temperature of + 2 ° C to + 8 ° C. Study medication was prevented from freezing. During preparation it was not necessary to have the medication protected from light.
[00077] Reserve samples (300 cartridges of Lantus® U100 and 300 cartridges of insulin glargine U300) were stored in the same safe conditions at the study site level.
Example 4: Estimation of investigational product Activity or pharmacodynamics [00078] Stimulation of insulin receptors by insulin glargine is the mode of action. Subsequent peripheral glucose uptake and suppression of endogenous glucose production comprise the glycodynamic effects that produce a reduction in blood glucose concentration. The resulting glucose utilization is best characterized by the level of glucose required to maintain a constant blood glucose concentration.
[00079] The euglycemic clamp technique was used to estimate the amount of glucose needed to maintain blood glucose concentrations at 5% below the reference level after injection of insulin glargine. Clinical Estimation Methods [00080] Online blood glucose determination was performed by the Biostator (Life Sciences instruments, Elkhart, IN, USA) using the glucose oxidase method.
[00081] Blood glucose offsite was determined with a Super GL glucose analyzer also using the glucose oxidase method.
Pharmacodynamic variables / Purposes [00082] The amount of glucose used per unit (dose) of subcutaneously injected insulin is a measure of the glycodynamic effect.
[00083] The continuously recorded glucose infusion rate (GIR) is a reflection of the action profile over time of the injected insulin.
Primary variable / Purpose [00084] The primary pharmacodynamic variable is the area under the glucose infusion rate time curve within 24 hours [GIR-AUC0-24h (mg-kg-1)].
Secondary variable / Purpose [00085] The secondary pharmacodynamic variable is the time for 50% of GIR-AUC0-24h [Ts0% - GIR-AUC (0-24h) (h)].
Pharmacokinetics Sampling times [00086] Blood samples for estimating serum insulin glargine and C-peptide concentrations were taken 1 hour, 30 min and immediately before subcutaneous injection of the study medication, therefore 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours and thereafter every two hours for up to 24 hours, and 30 hours after the injection.
[00087] The numbering of insulin glargine samples was P00, P01, P02, P03, P04, etc., the numbering of C-peptide samples was C00, C01, C02, C03, C04, etc. (see also flow diagram of study). Pharmacokinetic Sampling Number [00088] A minimum of 18 samples were taken per staple visit (P1 to P4). In total, 72 samples were taken per individual.
PK Handling Procedure [00089] The exact sample collection time must be registered with the CRF. Special procedures for storing and shipping pharmacokinetic samples (insulin glargine, C-peptide) were used. Bioanalytical Method [00090] Bioanalysis was performed using as a basis the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) requirements applicable to this type of study identified in the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (as revised in 1997), ENV / MC / CHEM (98) 17 and the LPG regulations applicable to the local country.
[00091] As no spare sample is available, priority is given to the determination of insulin glargine.
Insulin Glargine [00092] Serum insulin glargine concentrations were determined using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human insulin (RIA Insulin kit, ADALTIS, Italy) calibrated for insulin glargine. REF 10624 kit.
[00093] The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for this assay was 4.92 pU / mL.
Peptide C
[00094] Serum C-peptide concentrations were determined using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for C-peptide (C-peptide RIA kit, ADALTIS, Italy). C 10282 peptide REF kit.
[00095] The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.090 nmol / L. Summary of Bioanalytical Method Analyzed insulin, C-peptide Matrix Analytical Technique
Lower limit of quantification4.92 pU / mL of insulin; 0.090 nmol / L of peptide C
Assay volume 100 pL for insulin; 100 pL for C-peptide
Reference of MethodAdaltis S.p.A. Italy; REF 10624 Insulin Kit (Method No. 435VAL02) and REF peptide C 10282 Kit (Method No. DMPK / FRA / 2003-0002).
Pharmacokinetic Variables / Purposes [00096] The time curve of insulin glargine concentration was a measure of the systemic exposure of subcutaneously injected IP insulin.
Primary variable / Purpose [00097] The primary pharmacokinetic variable was the area under the serum insulin glargine concentration time curve [INS-AUC0-24h (pU-h-mL-1)].
Secondary variable / Purpose [00098] The secondary pharmacokinetic variable was the time for 50% INS-AUC0-24h [T50% - INS-AUC (0-24h) (h)].
Sampled blood volume Sampled blood volume Archive blood / Genotyping 0 mL
Hematology / Clinical chemistry / Serology (20 + 12 mL) 32 mL
RBC, Hb, Hct (2x2 mL) optional 4 mL
Blood glucose (2 mL / hx32x4) 256 mL
Blood glucose (0.3 mLx4x34) 41 mL
PK insulin glargine (3.5 mLx18x4) 252 mL
Total 585 mL
Measures to protect blindness from experience [00099] This was a single blind study. Bioanalytical determinations were performed after clinical completion. The treatment code was known to report any unexpected Adverse Event (SAE) that is unexpected and reasonably associated with the use of the IP in accordance with the judgment of the Investigator and / or the Sponsor.
Example 5: Study Procedures Visit Table Evaluation Procedures [000100] The medical records of each potential individual were checked prior to the start of the study to determine eligibility for participation. The subjects fasted (except for water) for 10 hours before the SCR assessment exam.
[000101] The following items / tests were estimated: • Age, and race • Physical examination (including cardiovascular, chest and lungs, thyroid, abdomen, nervous system, skin and mucous membranes, and musculoskeletal system) • Relevant medical and surgical history ( only findings relevant to the study should be documented) • Anthropometric: height and weight, BMI calculation [weight in kg- (height in m) -2] • Blood pressure and heart rate (after 5 min in bench press and 3 min in vertical position ) • Central body temperature (tympanic) • Standard 12-direction ECG • Status of hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis (using a dipstick) • Clotting status (INR, aPPT) • Analysis of drug in urine • Analysis of alcohol (breath analyzer) • Normal metabolic control defined as fasting blood glucose (<100 mg.dL-1) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c <6.1%) • Hepatitis B / C and HIV test
[000102] In case the individual is an assessment failure, all data obtained in SCR including laboratory results of assessment tests were available in the individual's medical record.
Description by Type of Visit Period (s) [000103] Each study period (P1 to P4) lasted 2 days, day 1 and day 2. Day 1 was the day on which the euglycemic clamp started and the study medication was administered. Day 2 was the day of the end of the euglycemic clamp, which lasted 30 hours after the administration of the study medication. There was an elimination period of 4 to 18 days between the study periods (P1 - P4). No strenuous activity (eg, mountain biking, heavy gardening, etc.) was allowed 2 days before each study medication administration. Consumption of alcoholic beverages, grapefruit juice, and stimulating drinks containing xanthine derivatives (tea, chocolate, coffee, drinks such as Coke®, etc.) and grapefruit was not allowed 24 hours before the completion of the euglycemic staple. The subjects fasted (except for water) for 10 hours before day 1 of each study period (P1 to P4) and remained fasting (except for water) until the end of the euglycemic clamp. The subjects remained in the clinic for approximately 32 hours at each staple visit.
[000104] On the morning of day 1 of Period 1, the individual's 9-digit number was allocated to the individual, starting with 276001001. The next individual who qualifies to enter SCR received the individual's number 276001002 etc. The first individual received randomization number 101. The next qualifying individual received randomization number 102.
[000105] Individuals were asked to ensure that they had no clinically significant changes in their physical condition and were compliant with general and dietary restrictions as defined in the protocol since previous periods. Violation of the study criteria excluded individuals from participating in the study. Depending on the type of violation, the individual can be excluded only from the particular period, allowing for a re-planning of the study day. Any violations of the protocol were discussed with the Sponsor on a case-by-case basis in advance.
[000106] Any changes in the health condition of individuals since the last period have been reported in the individual's medical records (source) and in the CRF.
[000107] Blood pressure, heart rate and central body temperature (tympanic) were recorded in a supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest on the morning of day 1, before and after completion of staple procedures 30 hours after each medication administration study (Day 2). Body weight, alcohol analysis and RBC, Hb, HcT (just before the P3 and P4 staple period) were estimated just before starting the staple on the morning of day 1.
[000108] On day 1 of each period, individuals were admitted to the clinic at 6:30 am. After passing the exams described above, the individuals were prepared with three venous lines. A vein of the dorsal hand or vein of the lateral wrist of the left arm was cannulated in a retrograde way and connected to a Biostator (Life Sciences instruments, Elkhart, IN, USA) in order to continuously withdraw arterialized venous blood for the determination of blood glucose . To obtain arterialization, the left hand was placed in a "Hot-Box" at around 55 ° C. A second venous line was placed in the antecubital vein of the left arm and was used to collect the samples for determination of serum insulin glargine and reference blood glucose. A third vein was cannulated in the contralateral forearm allowing the infusion of a 20% glucose solution and 0.9% saline with the Biostator.
[000109] The Biostator determined blood glucose levels and adjusted the glucose infusion rate to keep blood glucose levels at 5% below individual fasting blood glucose, determined as the average of the 3 fasting blood glucose values measured 60, 30 and 5 minutes before the administration of the study medication. Additional 0.3 mL blood samples for blood glucose determination were taken 60, 30, and 5 minutes before administration of the study medication to check against a laboratory reference based on the glucose oxidase method.
[000110] At approximately 9:00 am, insulin glargine U100 (commercial formulation) or insulin glargine U300 was injected into the periumbilical area 5 cm lateral to the navel (left, right, left, right) using a standard skin folding technique. U100 insulin syringes (manufacturer: Beckton & Dickinson) of 0.5 mL volume with a 0.30 mm x 8 mm (30G) needle were used.
[000111] The study medication was labeled with its respective treatment kit number, individual number (to be documented in the container box after randomization), and Period number (see Section 8.5 Packaging and Labeling).
[000112] After administration of the study medication, infusion of 20% glucose solution started at a variable rate as the blood glucose level fell by 5% from the individual fasting level to maintain that level. The duration of the staple period was 30 hours. The rate of glucose release was adjusted by the Biostator in response to changes in blood glucose at 1-minute intervals using a predefined algorithm. The blood glucose values of the Biostator were checked against a laboratory reference based on the glucose oxidase method at 30 minute intervals for the entire clamp. If necessary, the Biostator was recalibrated according to the results of the laboratory reference method. The individuals remained in a supine position during the stapling period.
[000113] Blood samples for determination of insulin glargine concentrations of serum and C peptide were taken 1 hour, 30 min and immediately before medication and therefore 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours and thereafter every two hours up to 24 hours, and 30 hours after administration of the study medication.
[000114] On day 2 of each study period (P1 to P4), a meal was served after the euglycemic clamp was completed. Blood pressure, heart rate, and central body temperature (tympanic) were recorded, and a blood glucose sample was taken. The individuals were released from the clinic after their safety was assured by the Investigator.
[000115] Injection sites were observed during the entire staple period. Any changes in the individuals' health condition were reported in the individual's medical records (source) and in the CRF.
Safety Hematology [000116] RBC, Hb and Hct in P 3 were analyzed for the occurrence of anemia in P 4. If positive, the interval between P 3 and P 4 was extended to the maximum allowed 18 days and an estimate of RBC, Hb and additional Hct made before P 4.
Dismissal Procedures [000117] Subjects returned for an EOS visit between 4 to 14 days after P4. The subjects fasted (apart from water) for 10 hours. Any changes in the individuals' health condition since the last period have been reported in the individual's medical records (source) and in the CRF.
[000118] The following items / tests were estimated: • Physical examination (including cardiovascular system, chest and lungs, thyroid, abdomen, nervous system, skin and mucous membranes, and musculoskeletal system) • Weight • Blood pressure and heart rate (after 5 min supine position) • Central body temperature (tympanic) • Standard 12-direction ECG • Status of hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis (using a dipstick) • Urine β-HCG test (females only) [000119] The individuals were discharged on the 2nd of each period, after a complete review by the Investigator of the available safety data.
Collection Plan for Biological Samples Blood SCR (Evaluation): • Hematology, Clinical chemistry, HbA1c, Serology (Hepatitis B / C test, HIV test): approximately 20 mL of blood was collected. P1 to P4 (Day 1 and 2): • Blood glucose [000120] Biostator automatically measured blood glucose at one minute intervals during the entire clamp period, including the period before the study medication. The volume of blood required by the Biostator was 2 mL-h-1. An estimated blood volume of 252 mL was required for glucose readings with the Biostator during the four periods. Blood samples (0.3 mL) to check the blood glucose values of the Biostator were collected 60, 30, 5 and 0 minutes before dosing and at intervals of 30 minutes after dosing until the end of the clamp (30 hours). An estimated blood volume of 41 mL was collected during the four periods. • Concentrations of C-peptide and serum insulin glargine [000121] Venous blood samples (3.5 mL) were collected 1 hour, 30 min and immediately before dosing, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours and thereafter every two hours to 24 hours, and 30 hours after dosing. An estimated blood volume of 252 mL was collected during the four periods. Determination of insulin glargine was given priority. Spare samples were only used to determine the concentration of C-peptide. • RBC, Hb, Hct [000122] Venous blood was collected before staple 3 and 4 periods began. Approximately 4 mL of blood was collected during the two periods.
End of study visit (EOS): • Hematology, Clinical chemistry: approximately 12 mL of blood was collected. • Urine β-HCG test (females only) Total blood volume SCR - EOS: [000123] In total, approximately 585 mL of blood was collected for each individual during the entire study.
Urine [000124] Qualitative analysis of drug in urine was conducted in SCR and EOS. Drug analysis in urine consists of amphetamines / methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates. Qualitative safe urinalysis with dipsticks was performed in SCR and EOS. Safe urinalysis consists of analysis for: pH, protein, glucose, blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone, specific gravity, and nitrite.
Measurement plan for other study variables [000125] Physical examination was performed in SCR and EOS.
[000126] Central body temperature (tympanic) was taken in SCR, P1 to P4 before and after the staple period, and in EOS.
[000127] Blood pressure and heart rate were measured after about 5 minutes at rest in a supine position, and also after 3 minutes in a vertical position in SCR and EOS. In P1 to P4 blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in a supine position after at least 5 minutes before the start of staple procedures on the morning of day 1, and after completion of staple procedures 30 hours after each study medication administration (day 2).
[000128] Electrocardiograms (12 standard directions) were recorded in SCR and EOS.
[000129] Body weight and height were measured in SCR. Body weight was recorded on the morning of day 1 from P1 to P4 (before administration of the study medication) and in EOS.
[000130] Alcohol analysis (ethanol, breath analyzer) was conducted in SCR and EOS, and in the morning of day 1 from P1 to P4 (before the administration of the study medication).
Study Restriction (s) [000131] From the evening of day -1 (P1 to P4) and during all Periods (staple days), individuals abstained from drinking alcohol, tea, coffee, cola or citrus drinks, smoke. Eating citrus fruits was also banned throughout the study. The individuals were asked to follow a stable lifestyle throughout the duration of the experience, until the last control, without any intense physical activity.
Definition of source data [000132] All of the assessments listed below that are reported in a CRF were supported by properly identified identified source documentation related to: • identification of the individual, medical history; • clinical examination, vital signs, body weight and height; • laboratory estimates, ECG; • pharmacokinetic time points; • dates and times of visits and estimates; • dates and times of administration, and injection site; • AEs; • staple duration (start and end times) • Other [000133] A CRF was considered to be source documentation for other items.
Example 6: Statistical considerations [000134] This example provides information for the statistical analysis plan for the study. A statistical analysis plan was designed before the inclusion of individuals.
Determination of the sample size [000135] INS-AUC (0-24h) was the primary parameter for which therefore the sample size calculation was performed.
[000136] For the purpose of this sample size calculation, several SDs within the INS-AUC individual (0-24h) transformed by natural log between 0.125 and 0.225 were considered. A sample size calculation method for an average bioequivalence method was used for a 2-sequence, 2-treatment, 4-period crossover design. If the 90% CIs for the formulation ratio were completely contained within [0.80-1.25], then the average bioequivalence was completed for the parameter.
[000137] The HOE901 / 1022 study was the basis for assumptions about variability. Based on the statistical analysis of the HOE901 / 1022 study, a value of 0.175 can be expected for the standard deviation within the individual (SD inside) of the scale transformed by natural log.
[000138] The table below indicates the number of individuals required to demonstrate the average bioequivalence of the ratio of adjusted geometric means (test versus reference formulation) using the bioequivalence reference range: [0.80-1.25], adopting a true ratio between 0.85 and 1.15 with 90% capacity.
Table 2 - Total number of individuals required to obtain a capacity of at least 90% ______________________________________ SD (within) natural log scale___________ 0.125 0.15 0.175 0.2 0.225 True ratio adopted NNNNN 0.85 38 54 72 94 120 0.90 12 16 20 26 32 0.95 6 8 10 14 16 1.00 6 6 8 10 12 1.05 6 8 10 12 16 1.10 10 14 18 22 28 1.15 __________________________________ 20 30 40 50 64 N = total number of individuals [ 000139] With this project, 20 individuals (10 per sequence) are required to demonstrate equivalence of the two insulin glargine formulations, with 90% capacity, allowing a true ratio of 0.9, if the SD within the true natural log scale is 0.175.
[000140] A number of 24 randomized individuals is responsible for potential cases of withdrawals.
Description of the individual Disposition of individuals [000141] A detailed summary of individual responsibility including calculation of included, randomized, exposed individuals (ie, received any amount of study medication), complete (ie, individuals who completed all periods of study) study treatment), discontinued along with the main reasons for discontinuation was generated for each sequence and for all individuals in total.
[000142] The individual's disposition at the final visit was presented in a list including sequence group, state of disposition at the end of the study with the date of the last administration of the study drug, date of the final visit, reason for discontinuation. All withdrawals from the study, occurring on or after the start of the first study drug administration, have been fully documented in the body of the clinical study report (CSR).
Protocol divergences [000143] Before the database was closed, agreement with the protocol was examined with reference to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, agreement with treatment, prohibited therapies, and the duration and availability of planned estimates. Protocol divergences were identified by the study team before the database was closed and listed in the Data Review Report, including missing data and PI discontinuations, and classified as minor or major divergences.
[000144] Individual divergences for inclusion and exclusion criteria as reported by the Investigator were listed.
[000145] Other divergences were listed by and / or described in the body of the CSR.
Analysis Population Population to be analyzed [000146] The individuals excluded from any analysis population were listed with the treatment sequence, and with the reason for exclusion. Any relevant information has been fully documented in the CSR.
[000147] In the event of individuals having received treatments that differed from those designated according to the randomization plan, analyzes were conducted according to the treatment received rather than according to the randomized treatment.
Pharmacokinetic Population [000148] All individuals without any major divergences related to the administration of the study drug, and for whom PK parameters are available, were included in the pharmacokinetic population. For individuals with insufficient PK profiles in some, but not all study days, the parameters of the sufficient profiles were included in the analysis.
Pharmacodynamic Population [000149] All individuals without any major divergences related to the administration of the study drug, and for whom PD parameters are available, were included in the pharmaco-dynamic population. For individuals with insufficient GIR profiles in some, but not every day of the study, the parameters of the sufficient profiles were included in the analysis.
Safety Population [000150] Safety assessment was based on individuals who received a dose of the study drug (exposed population), regardless of the amount of treatment administered, including individuals prematurely withdrawn.
Demographic and basic characteristics Demographic characteristics, medical history and diagnoses of the individual [000151] The following data were collected: sex, age at assessment, height, weight, and race. Body mass index (BMI) per individual was calculated from body weight and height data: BMI = body weight [kg] - (height [m]) - 2 [000152] All variables with respect to demographic and basic characteristics were individually listed and summarized. [000153] Differences in the inclusion criteria related to medical history and diagnoses were listed and described individually.
Pharmacodynamic Reference Parameters [000154] Reference blood glucose levels were summarized by sequence.
Reference Safety Parameters [000155] For safety variables, the last value staggered prior to the administration of the study drug within the period or within the study, whichever is applicable for the variable, has been taken as the reference value. If the reference pre-dosage value is rechecked before dosing, the recessed value was taken as the reference and used in the statistics.
Study treatment exposure extent and agreement [000156] Study drug dosage details and supplementary information were listed individually and summarized if appropriate.
Previous / concomitant medication / therapy [000157] Previous and concomitant medications / therapies (if any) have been coded according to the World Health Organization-Drug Reference List (WHO-DRL) and have been listed individually.
Analysis of Pharmacodynamic Variables Description of Pharmacodynamic Variable (s) [000158] In order to obtain comparability between individuals under body weight dependent insulin dosage, all values for GIR were divided by the individual's body weight in kg for analysis. Thus, GIR below always refers to the glucose infusion rate standardized with body weight.
[000159] Primary PD variable was: • Area under the glucose infusion rate time curve standardized with body weight [GIR-AUC (0-24h) (mg-kg-1)] [000160] PD variable secondary was: • Time (h) to 50% of GIR-AUC (0-24h) [T50% - GIR- AUC (0-24h) (h)] [000161] The following additional PD variables were derived: • Area under the glucose infusion rate time curve standardized with body weight to the end of the clamp [GIR-AUC (0-end) (mg-kg-1)] • Fractional areas under the infusion rate time curve of glucose standardized with body weight [GIR-AUC (4-20h), GIR-AUC (0-12h), GIR-AUC (12-24h) (mg-kg-1)] • Standardized glucose infusion rate with the maximum body weight [GIRmax (mg-kg-1-min-1)] • Time for GIRmax [GIR-tmax (h)] [000162] In order to provide meaningful and safe data, the value for GIRmax and correspondingly the time for GIRmax they were derived from a homogeneous GIR curve for each individual.
Primary Analysis [000163] To estimate the relative bioeffectiveness (activity) for GIR-AUC (0-24h) (mg-kg-1), the untransformed parameter was analyzed using a linear mixed effects model.
[000164] The mixed model includes fixed terms for sequence, period, formulation, and random terms for the individual within the sequence, with variations within the individual and between specific individuals of formulation and variation of individual-by-formulation. Point estimate and 90% confidence interval for the formulation ratio (T / R) were then obtained based on Fieller's theorem [Fieller, 1954].
[000165] Equivalent bio-efficacy (activity) has been completed if the confidence interval for the formulation relationship has been placed within [0.80-1.25].
[000166] Assumptions for the distribution of the variable were checked. Secondary Analysis / Secondary Variable Analysis [000167] Standardized GIR profiles with average and individual body weight as well as average percentage cumulative profiles over time were plotted.
[000168] DP parameters were listed individually, and descriptive statistics were generated.
[000169] Formulation ratios (T / R) with confidence limits were derived for fractional GIR-AUCs (mg-kg-1) and maximum standardized glucose infusion rate [GIRmax (mg-kg-1-min-1) ] using the corresponding linear mixed effects model as described for the primary analysis.
[000170] The time for 50% -GIR-AUC (h) and time for GIRmax [GIR-tmax (h)] were analyzed nonparametrically.
Staple performance [000171] Individual blood glucose concentration profiles were plotted.
Analysis of safety data [000172] All safety data summaries were based on the safety population.
[000173] The individual treatment phase for safety data analysis started with the first administration of the study medication and ended with the EOS visit.
Adverse Events [000174] All AEs were encoded using MedDRA (version in use).
Definitions Emerging AEs with Treatment [000175] All AEs were classified as follows: • Emerging AEs with treatment (TEAEs): AEs that occurred during the treatment period during the first moment or worsened during the treatment period, if present before; • Emerging AEs with no treatment (NTEAEs): AEs that occurred outside the treatment period without worsening during the treatment period;
Designation for Formulations [000176] For analysis purposes, each TEAE was assigned to the last formulation provided before the start and / or worsening of the EA. If a TEAE develops under one formulation and worsens under a later formulation, it was considered a TEAE for both formulations.
Missing Information [000177] In the case of missing or inconsistent information, an AE has been counted as a TEAE, unless it can be clearly excluded that it is not a TEAE (for example, for partial dates or other information).
[000178] If the start date for an EA is incomplete or absent, it was assumed to have occurred after the first administration of the study medication unless an incomplete date indicated that the EA started before treatment.
Emerging Adverse Events with Treatment [000179] All AEs were listed individually. They have been summarized by formulation, including summary by system organ class.
Deaths, Serious Adverse Events and other Significants [000180] If any such cases, deaths, serious AEs, and other significant AEs were listed individually and described in the study report in detail.
Adverse Events Leading to Treatment Discontinuation [000181] AEs leading to treatment discontinuation were listed individually and described in the study report in detail.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments [000182] Potentially clinically significant abnormalities (PCSA) and out-of-range criteria were defined in the statistical analysis plan of this study. Definitions of potentially clinically significant abnormalities (PCSA) and out-of-range definitions were reported by parameter.
[000183] Individual data were listed per individual and per visit, as well as additional information.
[000184] Individuals with values outside the normal ranges and individuals with PCSAs were analyzed by formulation, and globally for the purpose of evaluating the study. Individuals with post-referral PCSAs were listed.
Vital Signs [000185] Potentially clinically significant abnormalities (PCSA) and out-of-range criteria were defined in the statistical analysis plan of this study. PCSA definitions and out-of-range definitions were reported by parameter.
[000186] Individuals with PCSAs were analyzed by formulation, and globally for the purpose of evaluating the study. Individuals with post-referral PCSAs were listed.
[000187] Gross values and derived parameters were summarized by formulation, and globally for the end of the study evaluation. Individual data were listed by individual and by visit with flags for abnormalities, as well as supplementary information.
ECG
[000188] Potentially clinically significant abnormalities (PCSA) and out-of-range criteria were defined in the statistical analysis plan of this study. PCSA definitions and out-of-range definitions were reported by parameter.
[000189] Individuals with PCSAs at the end of the study were analyzed globally. Individuals with post-referral PCSAs were listed. [000190] Gross values and derived parameters in SCR and EOS have been summarized globally. Individual data were listed by individual and by visit with flags for abnormalities, as well as supplementary information.
Pharmacokinetic Data Analysis Pharmacokinetic Parameters [000191] Actual relative times were used to derive the PK parameters.
[000192] Primary variable was • INS-AUC (0-24h). (pU-h.mL-1) [000193] Secondary PK variable was • Time (h) for 50% INS-AUC (0-24h) [T50% - INS-AUC (0_24h) (h)] [000194 ] The following additional PK variables have been derived: • fractional INS-AUCs [INS-AUC (4-20h), INS-AUC (0-12h), INS-AUC (12-24h) (pU-h-mL-1 )] • INS-AUC to end of clamp [INS-AUC (0-end) (pU-h-mL-1)] • Maximum serum insulin concentration [INS-Cmax (pU-mL-1)] • Time for INS-Cmax [INS-Tmax (h)] Statistical analysis Descriptive analyzes [000195] Descriptive statistics of concentration data were presented by protocol times.
[000196] Average and individual serum insulin concentration profiles were plotted.
[000197] Serum insulin concentrations were individually listed and descriptive statistics by time point were generated. [000198] Descriptive statistics of PK parameters were generated by formulation.
[000199] C-peptide profiles were plotted and characterized descriptively.
Primary Analysis [000200] To estimate the relative bioavailability for INS-AUC (0-24h), the parameter transformed by log was analyzed with a mixed linear effects model.
[000201] The mixed model included fixed terms for sequence, period, formulation, and random terms for individual within the sequence, with variations within the individual and between specific individuals of formulation and variation of individual-by-formulation.
[000202] For INS-AUC (0-24h), point estimate and 90% confidence intervals for the formulation ratio (T / R) were obtained by computing estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the difference between the formulation methods within the mixed effects model structure, and then conversion to the ratio scale by antilog transformation.
[000203] Equivalent bioavailability has been completed if the confidence interval for the formulation ratio has been placed within [0.80-1.25].
Analysis of Additional and Secondary PK Parameters [000204] Time to 50% INS-AUC (h) and time to maximum concentration [INS-Tmax (h)] were analyzed nonparametrically. [000205] Fractional INS-AUCs transformed by log and INS-AUC (0-end) (pU-h-mL-1) and maximum serum insulin glargine concentration [INS-Cmax (pU-mL-1)] were analyzed with the corresponding linear mixed effects model as described for the primary analysis. Point estimates and confidence intervals have been reported.
Peptide C
[000206] When available, C-peptide profiles were plotted and characterized descriptively.
PK / PD ANALYSIS
[000207] PK / PD analyzes were performed in an exploratory manner, if appropriate.
Example 6: Results of the Individual Disposition Study [000208] A total of 35 subjects, 11 women and 24 men, were assessed of which 24 eligible healthy subjects were enrolled, randomized and received at least one dose of the study medication. Of the 24 randomized individuals, 1 individual withdrew from the study at his own request after the first dose treatment period. Twenty-three (23) individuals completed the study according to the protocol and were included in the pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyzes. All 24 treated individuals were included in the safety assessment.
[000209] There was no major divergence in protocol. Demographic characteristics [000210] The following data were collected: sex, age at assessment, height, weight, and race. Body mass indexes (BMI) per individual were calculated from body weight and height data: BMI = body weight [kg] - (height [m]) - 2.
Table 3 - Summary of Individual Characteristics - Safety Population Staple performance [000211] The two treatment groups, Lantus U 100 and Lantus U 300, were similar with respect to the fasting reference blood glucose concentrations of the individuals, who served to define the glucose clamp level of individuals. The duration of the clamps after dosing was 30 hours and the same for all treatment periods.
Primary Purposes [000212] Bioavailability equivalence (exposure) for Lantus U 100 and Lantus U 300 has not been established. Equivalence in bio-efficiency (activity) for Lantus U 100 and Lantus U 300 has not been established.
Primary Variables [000213] The area under the 0 to 24 hour serum insulin glargine concentration time curve (INS-AUC (0-24h)) was not equivalent for Lantus U 100 and Lantus U 300. Exposure was lower about 40% with U300. The area under the GIR curve versus time from 0 to 24 hours (GIR-AUC (0-24h)) was not equivalent for Lantus U 100 and Lantus U 300. The activity was less than about 40% with U300.
Secondary Variables [000214] The time for 50% of INS-AUC (0-24h) (h) was similar for Lantus U 100 and Lantus U 300. The time for 50% of GIR-AUC (0-24h) (h) was greater by 0.545 (h) (0.158 - 1.030) for Lantus U 300, which was statistically significant.
Security [000215] No serious adverse events (AEs) have been reported. Five (5) individuals per treatment (test and reference) reported a total of 14 TEAEs, all of which were mild to moderate in intensity, and resolved without sequelae. The most frequently reported event was headache (4 individuals per treatment) followed by nausea, vomiting and pyrexia (1 individual each under U 100), and pain from the procedure (1 individual under U 300). Of note, headache is a common observation for staple studies and is related to the infusion of hyperosmolar glucose solutions. However, a link to investigative products cannot be excluded. No injection site reactions have been reported.
Conclusions [000216] Insulin glargine U 100 and insulin glargine U 300 are not equivalent in bioavailability (exposure) and bioeffectiveness (activity). Exposure and activity after insulin glargine U300 were lower by about 40% when compared to exposure and activity after administration of the same amount (0.4U / kg) of insulin glargine U100.
[000217] Insulin glargine U300, however, showed a profile of PK (exposure) and PD (activity) even more uniform than insulin glargine U100, as would be desired for a basal insulin. These surprising and unexpected differences in exposure and activity between the insulin glargine U100 and insulin glargine U300 formulations after the same s.c. dose to healthy individuals are effectively shown in the figures below. Of note, at the same time, blood glucose was constant.
[000218] The administration of insulin glargine U 300 was without safety and tolerability results.
Example 7: Rational study for study comparing glycodynamic activity and exposure of three different subcutaneous doses of insulin glargine U300 [000219] The results of the study in healthy subjects (see examples 1 to 6) showed the unevenness in exposure and effectiveness between Lantus® U100 and insulin glargine U300. The subjects received the same dose of insulin glargine (0.4 U / kg) for U100 and U300, but the release of the same amount per unit of U300 produced about 40% less exposure and effect than the release of U100. Insulin glargine U300, however, showed an even more uniform pharmacodynamic profile than Lantus® U100, as would be desired for a basal insulin.
[000220] A new study described in the following examples, therefore, compares glycodynamic activity and exposure of three different subcutaneous doses of insulin glargine U300 versus a standard dose of Lantus® U100 as a comparator in an euglycemic clamp fixation with patients with type 1 diabetes This study aims to approximate a U300 dose that is equivalent to 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 as estimated by blood glucose disposition parameters provided by the clamp technique.
[000221] Insulin glargine exposure is estimated from concentration-time profiles after subcutaneous administration and activity such as use of glucose per unit of insulin.
[000222] The study is designed to estimate the metabolic effect and exposure of different doses of insulin glargine U300 compared to a standard dose of Lantus® U100 in an euglycemic clamp fixation in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The study comprises 4 treatments (R , T1, T2 and T3), 4 treatment periods (TP1-4) and 4 sequences. There is an evaluation visit (D-28 to D-3), 4 treatment visits (D1 to D2 in TP1 to TP4), and an end-of-study visit (between D5 to D14 after the last dose) with a final estimate of safety parameters.
[000223] Individuals are exposed to each treatment R, T1, T2 and T3 once in a crossed, double blind and randomized manner according to a Latin square design. This project is considered appropriate to assess the pharmacological effect and exposure of different doses of insulin glargine U300 compared to Lantus® U100. [000224] The dose of Lantus® U100 of 0.4 U / kg selected for the study is well characterized to provide euglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and has been easily investigated in other staple studies with patients with type 1 diabetes.
[000225] Three different doses are tested for insulin glargine U300, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 U / kg. This dose range allows an intrapolating approximate dose equivalent to 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100. The dose of 0.4 U / kg of insulin glargine U300 was previously tested in healthy volunteers (see examples 1 to 6) and was found to be less active than 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 within 30 hours, the predefined end of the observation period. The bioactivity of 0.4 U / kg of insulin glargine U300 as measured by the total glucose disposition was 39.4% less than that of the reference medication (0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100). A correspondingly higher dose of insulin glargine U300, for example, 0.6 U / kg insulin glargine U300, was expected to result in approximately equivalent glycodynamic activity compared to 0.4 U / kg Lantus® U100. In addition, proportional dose scaling allows you to explore exposure and effect profiles for dose proportionality.
[000226] A study in patients with type 1 diabetes avoids confusing the impact of endogenous insulin and allows a better estimate of exposure and duration of action. In addition, the lack of a specific assay for insulin glargine requires using an assay that reads all endogenous insulin. Thus, any added source of insulin except exogenous insulin glargine would cause falsely very high insulin concentrations.
[000227] This study has a cross-over design; for practical and ethical reasons no more than 3 doses of U300 will be compared to Lantus® U100. Estimating glycodynamic activity of long-acting insulin products requires euglycemic clamp fixation for up to 36 hours due to the extended duration of action.
[000228] The active pharmaceutical ingredient, insulin glargine, is the same in both formulations, U100 and U300. The doses used in this study are included in the range of regular use. Although an overall risk of hypoglycemia is not completely excluded, it is controlled by the euglycemic clamp technique.
Pharmacodynamics [000229] The pharmacodynamic activity of insulin glargine is assessed by the euglycemic clamp technique in patients with type 1 diabetes, which is the standard procedure established to assess the effect of exogenous insulin products administered under blood glucose.
[000230] Specific parameters for estimating glucose disposition in an euglycemic clamp fixation are the glucose infusion rate (GIR) standardized with body weight, total willing glucose, GIR-AUC0-36, and times for a certain percentage of GIR-AUC0-36, such as time for 50% of GIR-AUC0-36.
[000231] Ancillary parameters are the standardized GIR with the maximum homogeneous body weight, GIRmax, and time for GIRmax, GIR-Tmax. [000232] Duration of action of insulin glargine is derived from the time between dosing and pre-specified divergences above the eu-glycemic level (staple).
[000233] Glucose monitoring is performed for 36 hours due to the long duration of insulin glargine action after subcutaneous administration.
Pharmacokinetics [000234] Due to the sustained release nature of insulin glargine there is a lack of pronounced peaks in the concentration profile. Therefore, the time for 50% INS-AUC (T50% INS-AUC0-36) is calculated as a measure for the time location of the insulin glargine exposure profile, and INS-Cmax and INS-Tmax will serve as my - additional measures.
Primary study objectives [000235] The primary study objective is to estimate the metabolic effect relationships of three different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100.
Secondary study objectives [000236] The secondary study objectives are to estimate the exposure ratios of three different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100, to compare the duration of action of different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100, explore the dose response and dose exposure ratio of insulin glargine U300, and estimate the safety and tolerability of insulin glargine U300 in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Example 8: Study design, protocol description [000237] Active, crossover, randomized, double blind, single center, phase I control (4 treatments, 4 treatment periods and 4 sequences; Latin square), with an elimination duration between treatment periods (5 to 18 days, preferred 7 days) in male and female individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Melito receiving single doses of insulin glargine in • 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 (= Reference R) • 0 , 4 U / kg Insulin glargine U300 (= Test T1) • 0.6 U / kg Insulin glargine U300 (= Test T2) • 0.9 U / kg Insulin glargine U300 (= Test T3) [000238] four R and T1-3 treatments are provided crossed over four treatment periods (TP 1 to TP 4) with the four sequences • R-T1-T2-T3 • T3-R-T1-T2 • T2-T3-R-T1 • T1-T2-T3-R randomly assigned to individuals (1: 1: 1: 1 ratio).
Duration of study participation • Total study duration for an individual: about 4 to 11 weeks (min-max duration, depending on the elimination period, excl. Evaluation) • Duration of each part of the study for an individual: -Evaluation: 3 to 28 days (D-28 to D-3) -Treatment Period 1 to 4: 2 days (1 overnight stay) -Removal: 5 to 18 days (preferably 7 days between consecutive doses) -Final visit of the study: 1 day between D5 and D14 after the last administration of the study drug Example 9: Selection of individuals [000239] Number of individuals planned: at least 24 individuals must be enrolled to have 20 evaluable individuals.
Inclusion criteria Demography I 01.Male or female individuals, between 18 and 65 years old, inclusive, with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than one year, as defined by the American Diabetes Association (American Diabetic Association. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 5-19) I 02. Total insulin dose <1.2 U / kg / day I 03.Body weight between 50.0 kg and 95.0 kg including male, between 50.0 kg and 85.0 kg including female, body mass index between 18.0 and 30.0 kg / m2 inclusive Health status I 04. Negative fasting serum peptide C (< 0.3 nmol / L) I 05.Glycoemoglobin (HbA1c) <9.0% I 06.Insulin regime stable for at least 2 months before the study (with respect to individual safety and scientific integrity of the study) I 07. Normal findings in medical history and physical examination (cardiovascular system, chest and lungs, thyroid, abdomen, nervous system, skin and mucous membranes , and musculoskeletal system), unless the Investigator considers any abnormality to be clinically irrelevant and does not interfere with the conduct of the study (with respect to individual safety and scientific integrity of the study) I 08. Normal vital signs after 10 minutes at rest in the supine position: 95 mmHg <systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg; 45 mmHg <diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg; 40 bpm <heart rate <100 bpm I 09.ECG 12-direction normal ECG after 10 minutes at rest in the supine position; 120 ms <PQ <220 ms, QRS <120 ms, QTc <440 ms if male, <450 ms if female I 10. Laboratory parameters within the normal range (or evaluation threshold defined for the Investigator's site), unless that the Investigator considers an abnormality to be clinically irrelevant for patients with diabetes; however serum creatinine must be strictly below the upper laboratory standard; liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and bilirubin (unless the individual has documented Gilbert's syndrome) should not be above 1.5 ULN
Female individuals only I 11. Women of potential pregnancy and childbirth (less than two years after menopause or not surgically sterile for more than 3 months), must have a negative serum β-HCG pregnancy test in the assessment and a negative β-HCG pregnancy test on day 1 of TP1 to TP4 and must use a highly effective method of birth control, which is defined as those that result in a low failure rate (ie less than 1 % per year) according to the Note for non-clinical safety study guide for conducting human clinical trials for pharmaceutical products (CPMP / ICH / 286/95, modifications). During the entire study, female individuals of potential pregnancy and childbirth must use two independent methods of contraception, for example, diaphragm and sperm-coated condom. The use of a condom and spermicidal creams is not safe enough.
[000240] For women after menopause less than two years after menopause, and not surgically sterile for more than 3 months, hormonal status will be determined (FSH> 30 IU / L, estradiol <20 pg / mL ) Exclusion criteria Medical history and clinical status E 01. Any history or presence of clinically relevant cardiovascular disease, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, liver, renal, metabolic (apart from type 1 diabetes mellitus), hematological, neurological, psychiatric, systemic (which affects the body as a whole), ocular, gynecological (if female), or infectious; any acute infectious disease or signs of acute illness E 02. More than an episode of severe hypoglycemia with seizure, coma or requiring assistance from another person during the last 6 months E 03. Frequent severe headaches and / or migraine, recurrent nausea and / or vomiting (more than twice a month) E 04. Loss of blood (> 300 ml) within 3 months before inclusion E 05. Symptomatic hypotension (whatever the decrease in blood pressure), or postural hypotension asymptomatic defined by a decrease in SBP equal to or greater than 20 mmHg within three minutes when changing from the supine to the vertical position E 06.Presence or history of a clinically significant drug allergy or allergic disease according to the Investigator's judgment E 07. Probability of requiring treatment during the study period with drugs not allowed by the clinical study protocol E 08.Participation in an experience with which any investigational drug during the last three months E 09.Symptoms of a clinically significant illness in the 3 months prior to the study, which, according to the Investigator's opinion, may interfere with the purposes of the study E 10. Presence of drug abuse or alcohol (alcohol consumption> 40 grams / day) E 11. Smoking more than 5 cigarettes or equivalent per day, unable to abstain from smoking during the study E 12. Excessive consumption of beverages with xanthine bases (> 4 cups or cups / day) E 13. If female, pregnancy (defined as positive β-HCG test), breastfeeding Interference substance E 14. Any medication (including St. John's wort) within 14 days before inclusion, or within 5 times the elimination half-life or pharmacodynamic half-life of that drug, whatever the longest and most regular use of any medication except insulin in the last month before the start of the study with the exception of thyroid hormones, drug s lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs, and, if female, with the exception of hormonal contraception or menopausal hormone replacement therapy; any vaccination within the last 28 days.
General conditions E 15. Individual who, in the Investigator's judgment, is likely to be non-submissive during the study, or unable to cooperate because of a poor language or mental development problem E 16. Individual in exclusion period from a previous study of in accordance with applicable regulations E 17.Individual who cannot be contacted in case of emergency E 18.Individual is the Investigator or any subinvestigator, research assistant, pharmacist, study coordinator, or other staff of the same, directly involved in the conduct of the protocol Biological status [000241] Positive reaction to any of the following tests: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), Hepatitis B anti-core antibodies (anti-HBc Ab) if composed having possible immune activities, Hepatitis C anti-virus antibodies ( anti-HCV2), anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies 1 and 2 (anti-HIV1 and anti HIV2 Ab) E 19. Positive results of urine drug analysis (a nfetamines / methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates) E 20. Study-positive alcohol test E 21. Known hypersensitivity to insulin glargine and excipients E 22. Any history or presence of deep vein thrombosis of the leg or a frequent appearance of deep vein thrombosis of the leg in first-degree relatives (parents, siblings or children).
Example 10: Treatments Investigational product • Insulin glargine [000242] Two different insulin glargine formulations are used: -Lantus® U100 solution for injection containing 100 U / ml insulin glargine (marketed product) -Insulin solution glargine U300 for injection containing 300 U / mL insulin glargine • Dose: -Lantus® U100: 0.4 U / kg (= Reference R) -Insulin glargine U300: 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 U / kg (= T1- Test T3) • Container: 3 mL glass cartridges • Application routine: Subcutaneously horizontally 5 cm to the right and left of the navel • Conditions: Fasted • Duration of treatment: 1 day in each period, single dose • Start: 09:00 no day 1 (D1) in treatment periods 1 to 4 (TP1-4) • Additional treatments for 100% of included individuals are provided Table 4 - Treatments Reference treatment T test treatment Lantus® U100 Insulin glargine U300 INN Insulin glargine ( insulin analog insulin glargine (an recombinant human insulin alog) recombinant human) Formulation Cartridges for 3 mL of U100 solution Cartridges for 3 mL of U300 solution 1 mL contains: 1 mL contains: 3,637 mg of human insulin 21A-Gly- 10,913 mg of human insulin 21A-Gly- 30Ba-L-Arg-30Bb-L-Arg [equimolar to 100 30Ba-L-Arg-30Bb-L-Arg [equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin] IU of human insulin] 30 pg of zinc 90 pg of zinc 2, 7 mg m-cresol 2.7 mg m-cresol 20 mg 85% glycerol 20 mg 85% glycerol HCl and NaOH, pH 4.0 HCl and NaOH, pH 4.0 specific gravity 1,004 g / mL specific gravity 1,006 g / mL
Dose 0.4 U / kg · 0.4 U / kg • 0.6 U / kg • 0.9 U / kg Manufacturer sanofi-aventis Deutschland GmbH sanofi-aventis Recherche & Development, Montpelier, France Number of commercial formulation purchased through tbd batch of CRO INN = international non-proprietary name Dosage [000243] This is a single dose study with 4 administrations of study medication in total. Subjects are randomized to different sequences of the reference and test treatment so that each individual receives the reference treatment (R) and each of the test treatments (T1-3) once.
[000244] Injections are administered to the left or right of the navel, with both sites being used for separate injections. An elimination period of 5 to 18 days separates the consecutive dosing days, the preference is 7 days (7 days between consecutive dosing). The length of the elimination period varies individually allowing both the participant and the Investigator to adjust to their needs. For experience, 5 days comprise a minimum period for 6 recovery allowing 1 gram | while 18 days represent dosage days, allowing the obligations related to n; [000245] Administration of IP jum; the individual continues to fast [000246] The concentration of g range of 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL) if during the last hour before When blood glucose fict without any infusion of IP glucose does not occur earlier than q later than 14:00 hours a day If blood glucose is not up or down to whole numbers as shown in the following examples for a dose of 0.6 U / kg insulin glargine: • an individual with a body weight of 75.3 kg receives 45 U of insulin (75.3 x 0.6 = 45.18 which is rounded down to 45); • an individual with a body weight of 74.4 kg receives 45 U of insulin (74.4 x 0.6 = 44.64, which is rounded up to 45).
[000250] The body weight recorded during TP1 D1 is used to calculate the dose of the study measurement during all treatment periods. The dose of the study medication should not be changed if a change in the subject's weight is less than or equal to 2 kg between TP1 and one of the subsequent TPs. If an individual's body weight changes by more than 2 kg between TP1 and one of the subsequent TPs, the dose of the study medication is recalculated based on the weight in D1 of the respective treatment period.
Syringes and needles [000251] Syringes with attached needles suitable for accurately administering small amounts of injection solution are used only (eg Becton Dickinson, Ref 305502, Dimensions: 1 ML 27G 3/8 0.40x10). Syringes are provided by the Investigator.
Other Products [000252] Other products used during the stapling procedure are described in table 5.
Table 5 - Preparation of infusion IUN Code Formulation Manufacturer Dose / Routine of drug administration Glucose Glucose 20% solution for infusion Certified, selection-infusion iv are fed by PROFIL
Sodium heparin- Heparin Frasconete containing 5 mL Certified, IV infusion selected Intramed solution (5000 IU / mL) Certified PROFIL Solution Chloride chloride, IV infused sodium selection 0.9% PROFIL
Apidra® Insulin 100 U / mL for injection sanofi-aventis infusion iv glulisine [000253] Glucose solution, sodium chloride solution, heparin and insulin glulisine are provided by the Investigator.
[000254] Glucose solution: 20% glucose solution is infused with Biostator® to maintain individuals' individual blood glucose at the determined target level. A second infusion pump (part of the Biostator®) releases the 0.9% sodium chloride solution to maintain the patent line. In case the amount of 20% glucose solution required exceeds the Biostator® infusion capacity, a second glucose infusion pump is built-in.
[000255] Heparin: A low dose heparin solution (10,000 units of heparin / 100 mL of saline) is infused through a double lumen catheter. The heparin solution is associated with the blood used for blood glucose measurement of the Biostator® in the other lumen of the catheter and is intended to prevent blood clotting in the system.
[000256] Insulin glulisine: 15 U of Apidra® [100 U / ml] are administered to 49 ml of saline solution, to which 1 ml of the individual's own blood is added to prevent adhesion, producing a concentration of 0.3 U / mL, which is infused at an individual rate to obtain euglycemia.
Description of blinding methods [000257] Individuals receive four different treatments (R, T1, T2 and T3) in a randomized, blind and crossover design.
[000258] In order to maintain blindness, a third of the non-blind person is involved in dispensing and administering IP.
This person is not otherwise involved in the study and / or part of the study conducted at the CRO, does not disclose any information to anyone and ensures to maintain the condition of blindness of the study. It obtains the random code and doses individuals accordingly. The preparation of PI and dosage is followed and checked by a second independent person who also has access to the random code, but is also linked to confidentiality. Method of designating individuals to the treatment group [000259] PIs are administered according to the Clinical Study Protocol only to individuals who have given written informed consent.
[000260] Individuals who agree to all inclusion / exclusion criteria are assigned just prior to administration of the investigational product on day 1 of Treatment Period 1: • An incremental individual number according to the chronological order of inclusion in the morning of D1 in the Treatment Period 1. The 9-digit individual number consists of 3 components (for example, 276 001 001, 276 001 002, 276 001 003, etc.), of which the first 3 digits (276) are the country number, the median 3 digits are the site number and the last 3 digits are the individual's incremental number within the site. The individual's number remains unchanged and allows the individual to be identified throughout the study; • a treatment number in a pre-planned order following the randomized list with the next eligible individual always receiving the next treatment number according to the randomization list [000261] IP administration is according to the randomized treatment sequence .
[000262] Individuals withdrawn from the study keep their individual numbers and treatment numbers, if already designated. Replacement individuals have a different identification number (ie 500 + the number of the individual who discontinued the study). Each individual receives the same treatment sequence as the individual, who discontinued the experience.
[000263] Individuals who fail the screening are assigned a different number, for example, 901, 902 (to be registered in a CRF only in the case of AE occurring the evaluation period after signaling informed consent).
[000264] Notes: The randomization of an individual occurs after Investigators confirmation of the individual's eligibility for this study. Reference parameters are the parameters available as close as possible before dosing.
Packaging and labeling [000265] Insulin glargine U300 solution is supplied by sanofi-aventis in a 3 mL cartridge assembly box.
[000266] The respective IP number is packaged under the responsibility of sanofi-aventis in accordance with good manufacturing practice and local regulatory requirement and supplied to CRO.
[000267] The content of the labeling is in accordance with the specifications and local regulatory requirements.
[000268] Lantus® U100 is commercially available and will be ordered by the CRO.
Storage conditions [000269] All IP is stored in an appropriate closed room under the responsibility of the investigator, and must be accessible to authorized personnel only.
[000270] The IP must be stored at + 2 ° C to + 8 ° C, protected from light, and must not be frozen.
Access to the randomization code during the study [000271] In order to maintain blindness, a third of non-blind people are responsible for dispensing and administering PI. This person is not otherwise involved in the study and / or part of the study team at the CRO, does not describe any information to anyone and ensures the maintenance of the study's blinding condition. It obtains the random code and doses individuals accordingly. The preparation and dosage of IP is followed and checked by a second independent person who also has access to the ran-dominated code, but is also linked to confidentiality.
[000272] In the case of an Adverse Event, the code is not being broken, except in the circumstances when knowledge of the investigational product is essential to treat the individual. For each individual, code-breaking material containing the treatment name is provided as envelopes. It is kept in a safe place on the site throughout the clinical experience. Sponsor retrieves all code break material (open or sealed) at the conclusion of the clinical experience.
[000273] If the blinding is broken, the Investigator documents the opening date and the reason for breaking the code in the source data.
[000274] The Investigator, the pharmacist of the clinical site, or other personnel allowed to store and dispense PI is responsible for ensuring that the PI used in the study is safely maintained as specified by the Sponsor and in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.
[000275] All IP is dispensed according to the Clinical Experience Protocol and it is the Investigator's responsibility to ensure that an accurate record of the IP issued and returned is maintained.
Concomitant treatment [000276] The use of concomitant medication is not permitted during the study as specified in Exclusion Criteria No. E14, with the exception of drugs mentioned below, and is stopped within a certain time frame (see E14) before inclusion of the individual on day 1 of the Treatment Period 1.
[000277] To prevent interference from individuals' standard insulin treatment with clamp measurement, individuals should refrain from using basal insulins and switch to intermediate or short-acting insulin products starting 48 hours before dosing in D1 from TP1 to TP4, whether in long-acting insulin products, ie Lantus® (insulin glargine), Levemir® (detemir) or ultralent insulins, • short-acting insulins starting 24 hours before dosing in D1 TP1 to TP4 if in intermediate acting insulin products, that is, NPHa insulin.
[000278] The last subcutaneous injection of short-acting insulin is not later than 9 hours before the study drug is administered. Individuals on pump therapy discontinue insulin infusion on the morning of day 1, at least 6 hours before each PI administration (around 3:00 am assuming the start of PI administration at 9:00 am).
[000279] For symptomatic adverse events that are not exposing the safety of individuals (eg, headache) concomitant medication is reserved for adverse events of severe or moderate intensity that persist for a long duration. In particular, the use of acetaminophen / paracematol is prohibited if there is a known risk of hepatotoxicity, or as soon as liver enzyme abnormalities occur.
[000280] However, if a specific treatment is required for any reason, an accurate record must be kept in the appropriate record form, including the name of the medication (international non-proprietary name), daily dosage and duration for such use. The Sponsor must be informed within 48 hours via email or fax, with the exception of headache treatment.
[000281] Treatment of potential allergic reactions will be in accordance with the recommendations as elsewhere published (Samspon HA, Munoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL et al. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report -Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease / Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium.Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006; 117 (2): 391-397). Depending on the severity of the treatment of allergic reaction with antihistamines, corticosteroids and epinephrine can be considered.
Responsibility for treatment and compliance • IP compliance: -IP is administered under direct medical supervision, and an appropriate record is completed by the person responsible for IP dispensing and administration or their representative; any information about the treatment sequence or dose is not described and documents are closed without any access by other people involved in the study -Ingestion of IP is confirmed by the results of the measurable drug trial • Responsibility of the IP: -The person responsible for dispensing and IP administration or its representative counts the number of cartridges remaining in the returned packages, then loads it into the Treatment Log Form; -The Investigator records the information about the day and time of dosing on the appropriate page (s) of the Case Report Form (CRF) -The Monitoring Team responsible for the study then checks the CRF data against the IP and appropriate forms of responsibility after closing the database (to prevent non-termination of the study) [000282] The used cartridges are maintained by the Investigator until the fully documented reconciliation performed with the Sponsor at the end of the study after closing the database .
Example 11: Estimation of investigational product [000283] The present study is designed to estimate the metabolic effect and exposure ratios of three different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100, to compare the duration of action of different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100, to explore the dose response and dose exposure exposure of insulin glargine U300, and to estimate the safety and tolerability of insulin glargine U300 in a fixation of euglycemic clamp in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Pharmacodynamics Euglicemic Clamp [000284] The pharmacodynamic effect of insulin glargine, especially the disposition of total glucose and duration of action of insulin, is assessed by the euglycemic clamp technique.
[000285] During the euglycemic clamp, arterialized venous blood glucose concentration, which reflects the supply for total glucose utilization of all tissues, and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) necessary to maintain an individual's blood glucose concentration in his target level (clamp level) is continuously measured and recorded using the Biostator® device (continuous glucose monitoring system, Life Sciences Instruments, Elkhart, IN, USA). [000286] The amount of glucose required (GIR-AUC) is a measure of glucose uptake in tissues (glucose disposal or glucose-lowering activity) mediated by excess exogenous insulin. Biostator® determines blood glucose levels at 1-minute intervals and adjusts the rate of glucose infusion in response to changes in blood glucose using a predefined algorithm.
Staple Procedure [000287] To prevent interference from individuals' standard insulin treatment with staple measurement, individuals should refrain from using basal insulin and switch to • intermediate or short acting products 48 hours before dosing in D1 from TP1 to TP4, if in long-acting insulin products, ie Lantus® (insulin glargine), Levemir® (de-fear) or ultralent insulins, • short-acting insulins from 24 hours before dosing in D1 from TP1 to TP4 if under intermediate acting insulin products, that is, NPH insulin
[000288] The last subcutaneous injection of short-acting insulin is not more than 9 hours before PI administration. Individuals on pump therapy discontinue insulin infusion on the morning of day 1, at least 6 hours before each PI administration (around 3:00 am assuming the start of PI administration at 9:00 am).
[000289] During Treatment Periods 1 to 4 (TP1 - TP4), individuals are admitted to the clinician on the morning of D1 after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours.
[000290] On the morning of day 1 the pre-staple procedure starts and individuals are connected to the Biostator®. The blood glucose concentration is adjusted to 4.4 - 6.6 mmol / L (80 - 120 mg / dL) and maintained within these limits by means of bolus administrations of a fast-acting insulin analogue (for example, insulin glulisine) and subsequent individual glucose infusions as needed.
[000291] 60 minutes before the administration of the blood glucose study medication is then adjusted to 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL) ± 20% (*) without any glucose infusion for the last hour before dosing. The infusion of insulin glulisine is discontinued immediately prior to the administration of the study medication.
[000292] When blood glucose has been stable for at least 1 hour within a range of 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL) ± 20% without any glucose infusion, IP is administered (= T0 on D1 in TP1 to TP4, around 9 am). Individuals receive reference or test medication (R, T1-3, see Table 4) as designated by randomization. Injection is given to the left or right of the navel.
[000293] IP administration does not occur earlier than 9 am in the morning and no later than 2 pm on day 1 in Treatment Periods 1 to 4. If blood glucose is not stabilized during pre-clamp before 14:00 hours, dosing does not occur. The visit is ended and the individual is scheduled for a new dosing visit 1 - 7 days later.
[000294] IP administration is administered under fasting conditions; the individual remains fasted throughout the staple period. [000295] The euglycemic clamp blood glucose level is continuously maintained by means of an iv infusion of glucose solution until the end of the clamp.
[000296] The purpose of any basal insulin supplementation is to add or even replace secretion of endogenous insulin between meals. In individuals without endogenous insulin secretion, when invited to participate in this study, exogenous insulin must provide exactly the amount of insulin required to rule out hepatic glucose production. If perfectly compared, there is no need for extra glucose to make up for the excess insulin. The resulting glucose infusion rate approaches zero. As soon as the insulin action ceases, the blood glucose concentration rises. The times to start elevation and to regulate blood glucose concentrations exceeding the predefined thresholds are read by the Biostator®.
[000297] The selected doses of Lantus® U100 and insulin glargine U300 are above the average basal requirement which in turn produces some demand for glucose reflected in a rather large GIR up to 36 hours.
[000298] The corresponding parameter indicative of the clamp performance, that is, the precision to maintain blood glucose at the clamp reference level, is the variability of blood glucose during the clamp period. A measure for blood glucose variability is the coefficient of variation (CV%) per individual clamp. [000299] A low coefficient of variation in blood glucose is a prerequisite for properly assessing an effect of insulin staple fixations.
[000300] The staple period is not exceeded 36 hours after the injection of study medication, the end of the preset staple. [000301] Individuals continue to fast throughout the period of glucose clamp (pre-clamp and clamp) while having access to water ad libitum.
[000302] In the event that blood glucose passes 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dL) before the end of the clamp for 30 minutes after the cessation of glucose infusion and the Investigator confirms that any possible errors inducing false levels of blood glucose above 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dL) was excluded, insulin glulisine used in the pre-administration time of the clamp IP is given to extend the observation period to 36 hours. In that case, the sponsor must be informed.
[000303] Individuals are disconnected from staple fixation when blood glucose falls well within the isoglycemic range.
[000304] Participants summarize their study premedication on the day of discharge in TP1 to TP4, that is, day 2.
[000305] The effect of IPs is to delay about 24 to 36 hours, which is how the participants are confined to the institute for 2 days. [000306] An elimination period of 5 to 18 days separates the consecutive days of the staple period, the preference is 7 days (7 days between consecutive dosing). The length of the elimination period varies individually allowing both the participant and the researcher to adjust to their needs. From experience, 5 days comprise a minimum recovery period allowing 1 staple per week for a participant, while 18 days represent an interval of 3 weeks between dosing days, allowing individuals the freedom to satisfy non-study obligations, if inevitable.
[000307] Assessment and D1 of TP1 is not separated by more than 28 days, whereas EOS occurs no earlier than D5 or no later than D14 after the last dosage, respectively.
Pharmacodynamic sampling times [000308] Arterialized venous blood is continuously collected at a rate of 2 mL / h to determine arterial blood glucose concentration every minute during pre-clamp (before PI administration) and clamp period (up to 36 hours after IP administration).
[000309] Arterialized venous blood samples (0.2 mL) for calibration coinciding with Biostator®, which is a technical requirement, are collected at least every 30 minutes after connection to Biostator® up to 36 hours after medication. Number of pharmacodynamic samples [000310] Blood glucose is continuously measured during the staple procedure. In addition, at least 74 samples, per individual and treatment period, will be collected for calibration of the Biostator® after PI administration. In all, 74 * 4 * 24 samples or 7104 samples are collected (see Table below).
Table 6 - Number of blood samples and aliquots per individual during the staple Periods Glucose to Glucose b TP1 Continuously 74 TP2 Continuously 74 TP3 Continuously 74 TP4 Continuously 74 Total number of samples per individual Continuously 296 Continuous glucose monitoring at 2 mL / h for PD b calibration Pharmacodynamic Handling Procedure Table 7 - Analyzed Sample Handling Procedure Sample volume Blood Handling Procedures Glucose for PD 2 mL / h no Blood Glucose to be inserted into the capillary and then into the cup 200 pL sample calibration for immediate analysis.
Pharmacodynamic parameters [000311] The area under the standardized body weight GIR within 36 hours (GIR-AUC0-36) and the time to 50% of the total GIR-AUC within 36 hours (T50% -GIR-AUC0-36) are calculated.
[000312] The duration of blood glucose control is adopted as the time in euglycemia from the measurement of a deviation above the glucose level (100 mg / dL). Blood glucose controlled times within predefined margins are adopted from the dosage of specified thresholds, for example, blood glucose levels at 110, 130 and 150 mg / dL.
[000313] In addition, the corrected GIR for maximum homogeneous body weight (GIRmax) and the time for GIRmax, GIR-Tmax, are estimated. [000314] Other supplementary parameters are derived where appropriate.
Security Reference demographic characteristics [000315] The reference demographic characteristics consist of: • Age (years) • Body weight (kg) • Height (cm) • Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg / m2) Reference Security Estimate and during the study • Physical examination under evaluation: cardiovascular system, chest and lungs, thyroid, abdomen, nervous system, skin and mucous membranes, and musculoskeletal system and relevant medical and surgical history, history of diabetes (diagnosis of diabetes, onset of diabetes) insulin treatment, late complications); only findings relevant to the study are documented. • Past and current smoking condition • Physical exam at pre-dose and during the study: cardiovascular system, abdomen and lungs; only findings relevant to the study are documented • Body temperature (golden) • Vital signs: Heart rate, respiratory rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured after 10 minutes in a supine resting condition, heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure also after 3 minutes in a standing position (except for unscaled measurements when connected to Biostator®) Laboratory tests (in fasted conditions for blood samples): • Hematology: Red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC) with differential (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes), platelets, INR and aPTT • Biochemistry: -Electrolytes: sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium - Liver function: AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (yGT), total and conjugated bilirubin - Renal function: creatinine, BUN -Metabolism: Glucose, albumin, total proteins, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c (in evaluation, D1 TP1 and EOS), LDH, amylase, lipase, peptide C (evaluation only) -Potential muscle toxicity: Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK ) -Sorology: Hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag), anti-Hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc Ab), anti-Hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV2), anti-HIV1 and anti-HIV2 antibodies • Blood sample archival: a 5 mL blood sample is collected in a dry red top tube, centrifuged at approximately 1500 g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C; the serum is then transferred into three storage tubes, which are immediately capped and frozen in a vertical position at -20 ° C. This sample is used if any unexpected safety action occurs to ensure that a pre-drug reference value is available for previously unassessed parameters (for example, serology). If this sample is not used, the Investigator destroys it after the Sponsor's approval.
• Urinalysis: Proteins, glucose, blood, ketone bodies, pH -Qualitative: A level check rod is run on a freshly emptied specimen for qualitative detection using a reagent strip; -Quantitative: A quantitative measurement regarding the count of glucose, protein, erythrocytes and leukocytes is required in the event that the urine sample test is positive for any of the above parameters by a urine level dipstick (for example, to confirm any positive dipstick parameter by quantitative measurement). • Drug analysis in urine: Amphetamines / methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates • Alcohol breath test • Pregnancy / hormone test (if female): -β-HCG in blood in the -β-HCG assessment of urine in TP1 to TP4, day 1 - FSH / estradiol, if postmenopausal less than 2 years, under evaluation only • Adverse Events: Spontaneously reported by the individual or observed by the Investigator • ECG telemetry (single conductor) • 12 ECG directions (automatic) • Anti-insulin antibodies [000316] Blood samples for laboratory tests are taken under fasted conditions.
ECG Methodology
ECG telemetry • ECG telemetry is continuously monitored by medical staff. All arrhythmic events will be documented in print and included in the individual's CRF. This documentation provides the diagnosis of the event, time of occurrence, and duration, and is indicated by the Investigator or delegate. The ECG telemetry records are kept for a potential reanalysis taking into account the exposure of the investigational product exposure. Twelve-conductor ECGs • Twelve-conductor ECGs are recorded after at least 10 minutes in a supine position using an electrocardiographic device (MAC 5500®). The electrodes are positioned in the same location for each ECG record throughout the study (the connection sites of the conductors are marked with an indelible pen). • ECGs are always recorded before PK sampling (if any). PK samples are taken as soon as possible (within 15 minutes) after ECG. • Each ECG consists of a 10-second record of the 12 conductors simultaneously, inducing: -a single 12-direction ECG (25 mm / s, 10 mm / mV) prints with automatic HR, PR, QRS, QT correction assessment , QTc, including date, time, initials and number of the individual, Investigator's signature, and at least 3 complexes for each driver. The investigator's medical opinion and automatic values are recorded in a CRF. This impression is maintained at the site level. -A digital storage that allows for another eventual reading by a central ECG lab: each digital file is identified by theoretical time (day and time DxxTxxHxx), real date and real time (registration time), Sponsor study code, number of the individual (ie, 3 digits) and location and country numbers if relevant. • Digital registration, storage and data transmission (when required) complies with all applicable regulatory requirements (ie, FDA 21 CFR, part 11).
[000317] When vital signs, ECG, and blood samples are planned at the same time as an investigational product and / or a meal, they are done before the investigational product and / or meal is administered. When measurements of vital signs, ECG, and blood samples for PK, PD, or safety coincide, the following order is respected: ECG, vital signs, PD, PK, and safety sample; in order to respect the exact time of PK samples (refer to flow diagram for allowing time window for PK samples), the other measurements are made ahead of the planned time. Estimation planning is adapted to the study design Local tolerability at the injection site [000318] Discoveries at the injection site (such as erythema, edema, papules, induration, vesicles, blisters) are graded mainly according to a Global Irritation Score . A local injection site reaction with a score of> 3 according to the rating scale is further documented as an adverse event. [000319] Individuals are asked to report sensations at the injection site.
Pharmacokinetics [000320] For the estimation of pharmacokinetic insulin glargine, the area under an insulin concentration curve (INS-AUC) up to 36 hours, INS-AUC0-36 and the time for 50% of INS-AUC0-36 is derived. In addition, the maximum insulin concentration INS-Cmax, and the time to C max (INS-T max) is obtained.
Sampling times [000321] Blood is collected for the determination of insulin glargine concentrations at time points 0H, 1H, 2H, 4H, 6H, 8H, 12H, 16H, 20H, 24H, 28H, 32H and 36H after injection study medication. Number of pharmacokinetic samples Table 8 - Number of blood samples per individual Insulin periods (glargine) Treatment period 1 13 Treatment period 2 13 Treatment period 3 13 Treatment period 4 13 Total number of samples per individual 52 Total number of samples at 52 * 24 = 1248 a assuming that 24 subjects completed the Pharmacokinetic Handling Procedure study [000322] The exact time of PI administration and sample collection should be recorded in a CRF.
Pharmacokinetic parameters [000323] The following pharmacokinetic parameters are calculated using non-compartmental methods for insulin glargine concentrations after a single dose. The parameters include, but should not be limited to, the following.
Table 9 - List of pharmacokinetic parameters and definitions Parameters Drug / Analyzed Definition / Calculation Cmax Insulin Maximum observed concentration Tmax Insulin First time to reach Cmax Area under concentration versus the calculated time curve AUC0-36 Insulin using the zero to time trapezoidal method 36 hours after dosing T50% -AUC Insulin Time to 50% AUC0-36 Volume of blood sampled Table 10 - Volume of blood sampled Type Volume per Sample Number of Total Sample Type Volume per Sample Total Number of Serology 2 mL 1 2 mL
Hematology 2.7 mL 5 13.5 mL
Coagulation 2 mL 3 6 mL
Biochemistry 5 mL 3 15 mL
Archival sample 5 mL 1 5 mL
Insulin 3 mL 13 * 4 156 mL
Glucose calibration 0.2 mL 74 * 4 59.2 mL
Glucose continuously 2 mL / h 40 * 4 320 mL
β-HCG (if female) at 0 ml 10 ml
FSH / estradiol (if female) a, b 0 ml 1 0 ml
Anti-insulin antibodies 3 mL 2 6 mL
Tõtãi 582.7 mL a Included in serology b If postmenopausal less than 2 years Measures to protect blindness from experience [000324] In order to maintain blindness, a third of non-blind people are involved for dispensing and administering IP. This person is not otherwise involved in the study and / or part of the study team at the CRO or sponsor. It obtains the randomized code provided by sanofi-aventis and does not describe the randomized code or any other information for anyone else. For security reasons, the treatment randomization code is not blinded to report the Health Authority of any Suspected Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction (SUSAR) and reasonably associated with the use of IP in accordance with or the judgment of the Investigator and / or the Sponsor.
Security Object [000325] The Investigator is the first person responsible for making all clinically relevant decisions in the case of security matters.
[000326] If deemed necessary, the opinion of a specialist should be considered in a convenient manner (for example, acute kidney failure, seizures, skin rashes, angioedema, cardiac arrest, electrocardiographic changes, etc.).
Example 12: Study procedures Visit board Evaluation procedures [000327] Evaluation procedures are carried out within 28 days up to 3 days before inclusion to determine the individual's eligibility for participation. The individual receives information about the study objectives and procedures from the investigator. The individual signals informed consent prior to any action related to the study. The recording of adverse events begins, therefore. [000328] Before the assessment, subjects fasted (apart from water) for 10 hours (excluding a small amount of carbohydrates as a countermeasure for hypoglycemia, if necessary). [000329] The evaluation visit includes the following investigations: 1 Demographic (age, sex, race, past and current smoking condition, height, body weight, BMI) 2 Physical examination (cardiovascular system, chest and lungs, thioid, abdomen, nervous system, skin and mucous membranes, and musculoskeletal system) and relevant medical and surgical history, history of diabetes (diagnosis of diabetes, start of insulin treatment, late complications); only findings relevant to the study are documented. 3 Relevant previous treatments and all concomitant ones, average insulin regimen in the last 2 months before entering the study 4 ECG (12 standard drivers), measures of vital signs (pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured after 10 minutes in condition) supine rest, and after 3 minutes in a standing position), and central body temperature (aural) 5 Laboratory tests with hematology, HbA1c, C-peptide, clinical chemistry, serology, urinalysis, urine drug analysis, breathing test alcohol, β-HCG blood test and FSH / estradiol (female only, if applicable) [000330] A new test within one week is allowed with the result of the last test being conclusive.
[000331] Individuals who meet all inclusion criteria, and none of the exclusion criteria are eligible for the inclusion visit. [000332] In case of evaluation failures the basic results of the examination are recorded in the source documents.
Inclusion procedures (Day 1 of Treatment Period 1) [000333] Individuals, who qualify for enrollment in the study, are admitted to the clinician in the fasted state on the morning of D1 of TP1 at approximately 07:00.
[000334] The inclusion exam is performed on the first day of dosing day (D1, TP1) and includes the following investigations: [000335] Physical examination with updated medical history (AEs), previous / concomitant medication and aural body temperature Body weight, BMI (height measured in evaluation) [000336] ECG (12 standard drivers), measurements of vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured after 10 minutes in the supine resting position, and after 3 minutes in standing position) [000337] Laboratory tests with hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, urine drug analysis, alcohol breath test, β-HCG urine test (female only, if applicable).
[000338] Each individual receives an incremental identification number according to the chronological order of their inclusion in the study. [000339] Randomization occurs in D1 / TP1 after confirmation of the individual's eligibility by the Investigator. If more than one individual is randomized at the same time, the individuals are randomized consecutively according to the chronological order of inclusion on the morning of day 1 / TP1, that is, the individual with the lowest number of individuals receives the following number of randomization available.
[000340] The results of laboratory tests of D1 / TP1 are reference values and considered confirmatory, with the exception of the β-HCG urine test (based on the sample collected during the evaluation visit), which must be negative.
[000341] If an individual is finally enrolled, a blood sample is taken for archiving and for determination of anti-insulin antibodies (in D1 / TP1 only).
Description by type of visit Treatment Periods 1-4 (D1 to D2) [000342] To prevent interference from individuals' standard insulin treatment with clamp measurement, individuals refrain from using basal insulin and switch to • products intermediate or short-acting insulin 48 hours before dosing in D1 from TP1 to TP4, whether in long-acting insulin products, ie Lantus® insulin (insulin glargine), Le-vemir® (detemir) or ultralent, • short-acting insulins from 24 hours before dosing in D1 from TP1 to TP4 if under intermediate-acting insulin products, that is, NPH insulin
[000343] The last subcutaneous injection of short-acting insulin is not later than 9 hours before PI administration. Individuals on pump therapy discontinue insulin infusion on the morning of day 1, at least 6 hours before each PI administration (around 3:00 AM assuming the start of PI administration at 9:00 AM).
[000344] Upon arrival at the clinic, individuals are asked to ensure that they have not had any clinically relevant changes in their physical condition since the previous visit, that they have been submitted to general and dictated restrictions, as defined in the protocol and that they have changed your insulin treatment, if required. Violation of study criteria excludes the individual from further participation in the study. Depending on the type of violation, an individual may be excluded from the private study day only, allowing for a re-planning of the study day once, or throughout the study.
[000345] Any changes in the health condition and concomitant medication of the individuals since the last visit is reported in the individual's medical records (source) and the CRF.
[000346] In the morning immediately prior to the administration of study medication (D1 of each PT) body weight, vital signs, 12-direction ECG, ECG monitoring and central body temperature are recorded, a urinalysis and urine drug and analysis of urine alcohol are run.
[000347] The amount of insulin glargine required for injection will be calculated according to the individual's body weight.
[000348] Hematology is analyzed for the incidence of anemia on day 1 of Treatment Period 3. If positive, the elimination interval between Treatment Periods 3 and 4 is extended to the maximum allowed of 18 days or beginning of TP4. until hematological parameters have been normalized. An additional hemato-logical estimate is made on day 1 of the Treatment Period 4.
[000349] Individuals remain fasting (apart from water) until the end of the euglycemic clamp.
[000350] The individuals are then prepared for the start of the pre-staple procedure with three venous lines connected in an automatic glucose reading device (Biostator®) and remain in a semi-dipped position for the duration of the sampling period. At approximately 7:30 am a vein in the dorsal hand or vein in the lateral wrist of the left arm is cannulated and connected to the Biostator® in order to continuously extract arterialized venous blood for the determination of blood glucose concentration. The left hand is placed inside a heated box ("Hot Box"), which provides an air temperature of around 55 ° C, allowing the venous blood to be artistic. A second venous line is placed inside the antecubital vein of the left arm and is used to collect samples for insulin and reference blood glucose determination. A third vein is cannulated in the contralateral forearm allowing an infusion of 0.9% saline and 20% glucose solution with a pump in the Biostator® or insulin glulisine with an external pump.
[000351] From the insertion of the vascular catheters up to 60 minutes before the administration of the study medication at approximately 9:00 am on D1, the blood glucose level is maintained within 4.4 to 6.6 mmol / L (80 to 120 mg / dL, pre-clamp). Depending on the blood glucose level, an additional intravenous bolus injection of insulin glulisine is given to keep blood glucose within the target range. In the 1 hour before the study medication is administered, no intravenous bolus injection is given until the end of the clamp.
[000352] Additional blood samples for blood glucose determination are taken at least every 30 minutes to check against a laboratory reference based on the glucose oxidase method. If necessary, the Biostator® is recalibrated according to the results of the laboratory reference method.
[000353] Insulin infusion rates are individually adjusted. While keeping blood glucose at the target level, both insulin and the rate of glucose infusion are minimized during the clamp insertion phase. The insulin glulisine solution is infused using a high-precision infusion pump (Terumo Spritzenpumpe TE 311®), a 20% glucose solution must be applied by a high-precision infusion pump (Terumo infu-sõespumpe TE 171® ).
[000354] The staple level is adjusted 60 minutes before the study medication is administered to maintain blood glucose at about 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL) until the end of the staple period. The pre-clamp is prolonged and IP administration postponed until 14:00 hours in case the target glucose level has not been reached during the insertion phase (pre-clamp). If the target glucose level cannot be stabilized within 14:00 hours, the visit is ended and the individual can be scheduled for a new dosing visit 1 to 7 days later.
[000355] The insulin glulisine infusion is discontinued immediately before the study medication is administered. The first insulin sample for PK is taken immediately, therefore. At about 9:00 am the study medication is administered (Table 4), or • the reference treatment (R, 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100) • or the test treatment (T1-3) in one peri-umbilical site according to the randomization project, using a standardized skin duplication technique.
[000356] During the 12-way ECG clamp, 2 and 12 hours are performed after the IP injection and at the end of the clamp.
[000357] The study medication is preferably administered by the same person throughout the study. The end of the injection defines the zero time (T0), which defines the starting time of the subsequent periods of clamp and PK sampling.
[000358] Every staple observation period takes 36 hours and thus ends at approximately 21:00 on D2, the end of the predefined staple. Consequently, individuals are disconnected from the euglycemic clamp, establishing when blood glucose is well included in the isoglycemic range, they receive a meal and their usual insulin treatment.
[000359] In the case the blood glucose passes 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dL) during the clamp period for 30 minutes, after cessation of the glucose infusion and the Investigator confirms that any possible errors leading to false glucose levels blood pressure above 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dL) were excluded, the fast-acting insulin analogue (eg insulin glulisine) used in the pre-administration of the clamp IP time is given to extend the period of staple for 36 hours for sampling of pharmacokinetic blood. In this case, the sponsor must be informed. Consequently, individuals are disconnected from fixing the euglycemic clamp when blood glucose is included in the isoglycemic range, receive a meal and their usual insulin treatment.
[000360] The injection site reaction is estimated 15 minutes as well as one hour after the injection of the study medication and documented as an AE if a score of> 3 is observed according to the rating scale.
[000361] Before disposal, an ad libitum meal is served and the usual insulin treatment will be summarized. Vital signs (heart rate; systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured after 10 minutes in the supine position, and after 3 minutes in the standing position) are repeated and blood glucose is measured (the blood glucose reading must be above 80 mg / dL). Individuals are discarded in D2 from TP1 to TP4 after their well-being is assured by the Investigator. End of study visit [000362] Individuals return to end of study visit (EOS) between D5 and D14 after the last dose in TP4. The subjects fasted (apart from water) for 10 hours. The EOS includes the following investigations: [000363] Physical examination (weight, body temperature) with updated medical history.
[000364] ECG, measurement of vital signs.
[000365] Laboratory tests with hematology, HbA1c, biochemistry, urinalysis, and if female a β-HCG blood test.
[000366] Any AE has occurred or concomitant medication taken since TP4.
Blood sample for determination of anti-insulin antibody.
[000367] The Investigator ensures that based on all available clinical results, the individual can be safely released from the study.
Study restriction (s) [000368] Individuals cease their usual insulin treatment on days -2 to -1, depending on the type of insulin used (long activity, NPH, intermediate). Thereafter, blood glucose levels are controlled only by multiple subcutaneous injections of the usual short-acting insulin.
[000369] The usual insulin treatment is summarized after disposal on day 2 in TP1 to TP4.
[000370] Individuals do not take any concomitant medication, which will interfere with the individuals' metabolic control or sensitivity to insulin throughout the study and in the two weeks before the study.
[000371] The consumption of alcoholic beverages, grapefruit juice, and stimulating drinks containing xanthine derivatives (tea, coffee, Coca Cola drinks, chocolate) is not allowed 24 hours before the administration of each study medication until the end of the staple .
[000372] Orange juice or similar carbohydrates are given as corrective measures for hypoglycemia during the clamp if they do not neutralize properly by intravenous glucose infusion when connected to the Biostator®.
[000373] No vigorous physical activity is permitted within 2 days prior to each administration of the study medication.
[000374] Individuals who smoke 5 or less cigarettes per day are included in the study and individuals can smoke during the study, except in D1 and D2 from TP1 to TP4.
[000375] On the day of assessment, individuals come to the unit after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours (excluding a small amount of carbohydrates as a countermeasure for hypoglycemia, if necessary).
[000376] On the morning of day 1 in TP1 to TP4, individuals are admitted to the clinic after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours and remain fasting until the end of the staple period on day 2. An ad libitum meal is served after the end of the clamp.
[000377] The fluid supply is at least 2500 mL for each 36 hour period.
Definition of source data [000378] All assessments listed below that are reported in a CRF are supported by properly identified identified source documentation related to: • identification of the individual • medical history (in the case of an allergic reaction) • clinical examination, vital signs , body weight and height, body temperature; • laboratory estimates, ECG • pharmacokinetic time points • dates and time of visits and estimates • adverse events • PI administration • prior / concomitant medication • procedure start / end clamp, clamp data Example 13: Statistical considerations Size determination sample [000379] The primary objective of the study is to assess the relative metabolic effect for insulin glargine given as a dose dose of U100 (R) and three different doses of U300 (T1 to T3).
[000380] Based on study data PKD10086, a value of approximately 0.375 can be expected for the SD within GIR-AUC clamp termination on the natural log transformed scale.
[000381] For the purpose of calculating sample size SDs of individual-within between 0.325 and 0.425 were used.
[000382] Table 11 shows the maximum imprecision (in terms of the 90% confidence interval) for a treatment relationship in pairs of adjusted geometric means that will be obtained with 90% security, for the total number of individual N between 16 and 24, as-suminum real SD of individual-between values between 0.325 and 0.425 for the GIR-AUC0-36 log.
Table 11 - Maximum imprecision for any pairwise relationship Confidence level: 90% Maximum amplitude 90% CI
Security: 90% for an observed ratio equal to SD Imprecision of individual - Maximum total number (%) within individuals on the log scale 0.6 0.8 1 0.325 16 197 (0.48; 0.75) (0.64 ; 1.00) (0.80; 1.25) 20 17.5 (0.49; 0.73) (0.66; 0.97) (0.82; 1.21) 24 15.9 ( 0.50; 0.71) (0.67; 0.95) (0.84; 1.19) 0.350 16 21.0 (0.47; 0.76) (0.63; 1.01) ( 0.79; 1.27) 20 18.7 (0.49; 0.74) (0.65; 0.98) (0.81; 1.23) 24 17.0 (0.50; 0, 72) (0.66; 0.96) (0.83; 1.21) 0.375 16 22.4 (0.47; 0.77) (0.62; 1.03) (0.78; 1, 29) 20 19.9 (0.48; 0.75) (0.64; 1.00) (0.80; 1.25) 24 18.1 (0.49; 0.73) (0.65 ; 0.98) (0.82; 1.22) 0.400 16 23.7 (0.46; 0.79) (0.61; 1.05) (0.76; 1.31) 20 21.1 (0.47; 0.76) (0.63; 1.01) (0.79; 1.27) 24 19.2 (0.48; 0.74) (0.65; 0.99) ( 0.81; 1.24) 0.425 16 24.9 (0.45; 0.80) (0.60; 1.07) (0.75; 1.33) 20 22.3 (0.47; 0 , 77) (0.62; 1.03) (0.78; 1.29) 24 20.3 (0.48; 0.75) (0.64; 1.00) (0.80; 1, 25) [000383] With 20 individuals, if the actual SD of individual-within GIR-AUC0-36 is as much as 0.375, the treatment ratio will be estimated with an imprecision maximum ison of 19.9% (that is, the 90% CI will be 0.80 and 1 / 0.80 = 1.25 times the observed ratio), with 90% security.
[000384] 24 individuals will be included in order to have 20 individuals completed.
Description object Disposition of individuals [000385] A detailed summary of the individual's responsibility including counting of included, randomized, exposed individuals (ie, received any amount of study medication), complete (ie, individuals who completed all treatment periods of study), discontinued along with the main reasons for discontinuation, is generated.
[000386] The individual's disposition in the final vusuta is presented in a list including sequence group, condition of disposition at the end of the study with the data of last administration of study drug, date of final visit, reason for discontinuation. All withdrawals from the study, occurring on or after the start of the first administration of the study drug, are fully documented in the body of the clinical study report (CSR).
Protocol divergences [000387] Before closing the study data, protocol divergences from clinical experience are examined with respect to the defined criteria for population definition and other study criteria including: • Inclusion and exclusion criteria; • Concordance treatment; • Agreement with the clinical experience protocol with reference to prohibited therapies; • Agreement with the clinical experience protocol with reference to intervals between visits and total treatment duration; and • If planned activity and safety assessment were carried out, etc.
Disagreements covered include, but are not limited to: • Individuals without any assessment (of any variables) after randomization; • Individuals not exposed; • Individual without any assessment of the primary variable (if relevant); • Individuals who entered the study even if they do not meet the inclusion criteria; • Individuals who developed withdrawal criteria during the study but were not withdrawn; • Individuals who received the wrong treatment or incorrect dose; • Individuals who received concomitant prohibited medication.
Major differences are listed and summarized. Analysis population [000388] All exclusions from any analysis population (pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and / or safety) are fully documented in the CSR.
[000389] Individuals excluded from any population under analysis are listed with treatment sequence, and with reason for exclusion. Any relevant information is fully documented in the CSR. Frequencies of individuals, general and by treatment, for the population of analyzes are tabulated.
[000390] For the event of individuals having received treatments that differed from those designated according to the randomization plan, analyzes are conducted according to the treatment received instead of according to the randomized treatment.
Pharmacodynamic population [000391] All individuals without any major divergences related to the administration of the study drug, and for whom PD parameters are available, are included in the pharmacodynamic population. For individuals with insufficient PD profiles in one, but not both treatment periods, sufficient profile parameters are included in the analysis.
[000392] For individuals who receive (for safety reasons) insulin glulisine within the observation period of 36 hours after PI dosing, pharmacodynamic data are only taken into account until the time of insulin glulisine administration.
Exclusions from pharmacodynamic analysis [000393] All exclusions from pharmacodynamic analysis are listed along with the reason. Exclusions are decided and documented based on a review of the data before the database closes and not blinding.
Security Population [000394] All individuals who have been exposed to any comparative study treatment, regardless of the amount of treatment administered, are included in the security population.
Pharmacokinetic populations [000395] All individuals without any major divergences related to the administration of the study drug, and for whom PK insulin parameters are available, are included in the pharmacokinetic population. For individuals with insufficient PK insulin profiles in one, but not all treatment periods, sufficient profile parameters are included in the analysis.
[000396] Bioanalytical analysis for insulin glargine is interfered by other insulins such as insulin glulisine. Therefore, pharmacokinetic data for insulin glargine from those subjects are excluded from assessment, who received (for safety reasons) insulin glulisine within the 36-hour staple observation period after PI administration.
Demographic and reference characteristics Demographic characteristics of the individual, medical history and diagnoses [000397] The following data are collected: sex, age, height, weight, and race. Body mass reference index (BMI) per individual is calculated from pre-dose body weight and height data: BMI = body weight [kg] / (height [m]) 2 [000398] All variables with respect to characteristics demographic and grassroots are individually listed and summarized for the security population.
[000399] Differences in inclusion criteria related to medical history and diagnoses are listed and described individually.
Reference safety parameters [000400] For safety variables, the last value staggered prior to the administration of the study drug within the period or within the study, wherever applicable for the variable, is taken as the reference value. If the pre-dosing reference value is rechecked before dosing, the recessed value is considered as the reference and used in statistics.
Exposure extent and compliance with study treatment [000401] Study drug dosage details and supplementary information are listed individually and summarized if appropriate. [000402] Total individual doses of insulin glargine are summarized per treatment.
Prior / concomitant therapy / medication [000403] Prior and concomitant medications / therapies (if any) are coded according to the World Health Organization's Drug Reference List (WHO-DRL, latest version in use at the time the base is closed) data) and are listed individually.
[000404] Concomitant (subcutaneous) insulin medication is listed separately.
[000405] Infusion or insulin bolus given at any time during the staple procedure is listed or plotted over time on an individual basis. The infusion or bolus of insulin given after dosing during the staple procedure is listed on an individual basis.
Analysis of pharmacodynamic variables [000406] All pharmacodynamic analyzes cover data from the pharmacodynamic population. No adjustment of the alpha level is made for multiple analyzes.
[000407] For insulin glargine pharmacodynamics, the blood glucose concentration and glucose infusion rate (GIR) is continuously recorded during the staple procedure.
[000408] Statistical analyzes compare the test treatments (T1 to T3) with the reference treatment (R) Description of pharmacodynamic variables [000409] In order to obtain comparability between the insulin dosage adjusted to the individuals' body weight, all values for GIR are divided by the individual's body weight in kg for analysis. Thus in the below, if not otherwise stated, GIR always refers to the standardized glucose infusion rate for body weight.
Primary PD variable [000410] The following PD variable is considered primary. • Area under the standardized body weight glucose infusion rate time curve [GIR-AUC0-36 (mg / kg)] [000411] GIR-AUC0-36 is calculated according to the rectangular standard for the constant function in steps with time scale in minutes.
Secondary PD variables [000412] The following PD variables are derived and considered secondary: • Time (h) to 50% of GIR-AUC0-36 [Tõ0% -GIR-AUC0-36 (h)] • Infusion rate of standardized glucose of maximum homogeneous body weight [GIRmax (mg * min / kg)] • First moment after dosing to reach GIRmax [GIR-Tmax (h)] • Duration of euglycemia (time to increase homogeneous blood glucose profile above the level clamp) is calculated as the dosing time for the last value of the homogeneous blood glucose concentration curve at or below 105 mg / dL • Controlled blood glucose durations within predefined margins are defined as the dosing time at the last value of the homogeneous blood glucose concentration curve at or below: -110 mg / dL
-130 mg / dL
-150 mg / dL
Homogeneity [000413] The maximum of the standardized gross body weight GIR is subjected to noise in the GIR adjustment. Thus, the derivation of GIRmax and the time for GIRmax, is based on a LOESS homogeneity technique (local weight regression in homogeneity dispersion plots) for the standardized GIR data of gross body weight. Due to the expected morphology of the GIR profiles as known under Lantus®, a homogeneity factor of 6% is used (SAS®, PROC LOESS, factor 0.06).
[000414] Blood glucose levels will be subjected to noise.
Therefore, euglycemia duration and blood glucose control duration are based on a LOESS homogeneity technique (local weight regression in homogeneity dispersion plots) for crude blood glucose levels. Due to the expected morphology, a homogeneity factor of 6% is used (SAS®, PROC LOESS, factor 0.06).
[000415] In the case of inadequate homogeneity a different homogeneity factor is used for further analysis.
Additional PD variables [000416] Other parameters are derived, such as: • Time until the end of glucose infusion, such as the last time after dosing with GIR above zero [000417] Additional PD variables are derived if deemed necessary for the interpretation of the results.
Primary PD analysis [000418] Prior to the analysis described below, GIR-AUC0-36 is log-transformed (natural log).
[000419] GIR-AUC0-36 log-transformed is analyzed with a mixed linear effects model with fixed terms for sequence, period and treatment. log (parameter) = sequence + period + treatment + error and with an unstructured R matrix of variations and treatment covari-actions (i, i) for the individual within the sequence blocks, using SAS PROC MIXED.
[000420] Confidence interval of 90% (CI) for the ratio of geometric means of treatments (T1 / R, T2 / R, T3 / R) is obtained by computing the estimate and 90% of CI for the difference between the means of treatment within the mixed linear effects model structure, and then converting a ratio of geometric means by antilog translation. Equivalence is completed if the 90% CI for the relationship is entirely within the reference range of 0.80 to 1.25 equivalence.
[000421] Listings of individual relationships (test treatments versus reference treatments) are provided with corresponding descriptive statistics.
Secondary analysis / secondary variable analysis Descriptive presentations for GIR profiles
[000422] The standardized GIR of individual body weight (mg * min / kg) is plotted for gross, homogeneous and cumulative values.
[000423] The average and standardized GIR profiles of average body weight, as well as the cumulative profiles of average percentage over time are plotted per treatment.
[000424] Cumulative plots cover the time between dosing and the end of the clamp.
Descriptive presentations for parameters derived from PD
[000425] PD parameters are listed individually, and descriptive statistics are generated per treatment.
Treatment relationships for secondary PD parameters
[000426] Treatment relationships (T1 / R, T2 / R, T3 / R) with confidence limits are derived for the maximum standardized glucose infusion rate [GIRmax (mg * min / kg)] using the corresponding effects model linear mixtures, as described above for primary analysis. Exploratory comparisons between treatments are based on conventional bioequivalence criteria (90% confidence limits from 0.80 to 1.25).
[000427] The distribution of GIR-Tmax values is represented by histogram plots for each treatment. In addition, a histogram of differences in GIR-Tmax between test treatments and the reference is provided.
Treatment differences for secondary PD parameters
[000428] T50% -GIR-AUC0-36 (h) is analyzed non-parametrically based on the Hodges-Lehmann method for comparisons of paired treatment. CIs for treatment differences in pairs (T1-R, T2-R, T3-R) in averages are derived. The distribution of T50% -GIR-AUC0-36 values is represented by histogram plots for each treatment. In addition, a histogram of differences in T50% -GIR-AUC0-36 between treatments (T1-R, T2-R, T3-R) is provided.
[000429] The distribution of GIR-Tmax values is represented by histogram plots for each treatment. In addition, a histogram of differences in GIR-Tmax between the test and reference treatments is provided.
[000430] The duration of euglycemia and blood glucose control are presented by plots of the histogram. Treatment comparisons are performed non-parametrically.
Staple performance [000431] Individual blood glucose concentration profiles are plotted.
[000432] The clamp duration is derived per clamp as the time between dosing and the end of the clamp in hours.
[000433] The individual variability of blood glucose per clamp is derived as the coefficient of variation (% of CV) of blood glucose values between the individual start and the individual end of the clamp (or first administration of insulin glulisine during clamp). The average individual blood glucose level per clamp is derived as the arithmetic means of blood glucose values between the individual start and the individual end of the clamp (or first administration of insulin glulisine during clamp).
[000434] The parameters are listed individually and summarized descriptively in the treatment.
Security Data Analysis [000435] The security assessment is based on the review of individual values (potentially clinically significant abnormalities), descriptive statistics (summaries, tables, graphs) and, if necessary, on statistical analysis (appropriate estimates, confidence intervals) . The "Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormalities" (PCSA) criteria are used according to the standard criteria of sanofi-aventis. The criteria are documented in the statistical analysis plan for this study. The safety analysis is conducted in accordance with sanofi-aventis standards related to the analysis and reporting of safety data from clinical experiences.
[000436] All security analyzes cover the data of the security population.
[000437] For all safety data, the observation period is divided into segments of three different types: • the pre-treatment period is defined as the time between when the individual gains informed consent and the first administration of medication for study. • the period under treatment is defined as the time of (first) administration of the study medication up to 72 hours later. • The post-treatment period is defined as the time after the treatment period for the (first) administration of study medication in the following period or the end of the follow-up period.
Adverse Events [000438] All AEs are encoded using MedDRA (latest version in use at the time of database lockout).
[000439] The following listings are provided for all adverse events: • List of all adverse events (per individual) • List of comments related to adverse events Definitions [000440] For safety data, the observation period is divided into segments of three different types: • the pre-treatment period is defined as the time between when the individual gains informed consent and the first administration of comparative study medication. • the period under treatment per period is defined as the time of (first) administration of the study medication up to 72 hours later. • the post-treatment period is defined as the time after the period under treatment for the (first) administration of study medication in the following period or the end of the following period.
Adverse Treatment Events [000441] All AEs are classified as follows: • Adverse treatment events (TEAEs) are any AEs with an onset (worsening incl.) During a period under treatment. • Emerging non-treatment adverse events (NTEA-Es) are any AEs not classified as TEAE: Pre-treatment AEs, defined as AEs that developed (or worsened) during the pre-treatment period before the first dose of post-treatment AEs study, defined as AEs that developed during a post-treatment period without worsening during a treatment phase.
Designation for Treatments [000442] For analysis purposes, each TEAE is designated for the last treatment given before the start (or worsening) of the EA. If a TEAE develops in one treatment and worsens under one last treatment, it is considered emergent from the treatment for both treatments.
Missing Information [000443] In the case of missing or inconsistent information, an AE is counted as a TEAE, unless it can be clearly excluded that it is not TEAE (for example, for partial dates or other information).
[000444] If the start date for an EA is incomplete or absent, it is assumed to have occurred after the first administration of study medication unless an incomplete date indicates that the EA started before treatment.
Adverse Treatment Events Emerging from Treatment [000445] Adverse treatment events arising from treatment are listed and summarized by treatment: • Overview of TEAEs (number and percentage of individuals with at least one TEAE, severe TEAE, TEAE leading to discontinuation, death ( if any)) • Summary of all adverse events arising from treatment by primary system organ class and preferred term (number and percentage of individuals with at least one TEAE) ("table in text") -Table without number of events ( for body of clinical study report) -Table with number of events (for appendix of clinical study report) -Table with number of individuals per formulation (U100, U300) and general individuals (for appendix of clinical study report) • List of individuals presenting adverse events arising from treatment by treatment, system organ class and preferred term.
Deaths, Serious and Other Significant Adverse Events [000446] In the event of any occurrence, deaths, serious AEs, and other significant AEs are listed individually and described in the study report in detail.
Adverse Events Leading to Discontinuation of Treatment [000447] In the event of any occurrence, individual individual listings are generated for all adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment.
Clinical Laboratory Assessments Biochemistry and Hematology Data [000448] Laboratory safety parameters are measured in D1 of Treatment Period 1 and in EOS. By time, these safety parameters are estimated during the period under treatment (except for hematology in TP3 and TP4).
[000449] The values to be used with reference value (hematology and biochemistry) are the values collected in the pre-dose D1 in the period of the first treatment. If any of the scheduled benchmark tests are repeated for any individual, the last recorded values are considered to be benchmarks, as long as they are done before the first IP administration. [000450] The following tables and listings are provided: • Descriptive statistics for raw data and changes from benchmark (including% change to creatinine) • A specific listing of individual data from individuals with post-benchmark PCSAs will be provided, sorted by function and measurement time • All individual data, including recorded values, for planned hematology and biochemistry, are listed by biological function and measurement time. If any, data from unscheduled laboratory tests are included in this listing. In these listings, individual data is flagged when lower or higher than the lowest or highest laboratory limit and / or when reaching the absolute limit of the PCSA criteria, when defined • A liver function data listing for individuals who have experienced at least one of the following: -At least one occurrence of ALT> 3ULN and at least one occurrence of total bilirubin> 2 ULN during the study with at least one of them being after the first dose-Conjugated bilirubin> 35% total bilirubin and total bilirubin> 1.5 ULN will be supplied in the same sample after the first dose, irrespective of the definition for the phase under treatment. • A listing related to the increase in ALT> 2 ULN is provided, including notably information on drug influx, surgical and medical history, alcohol habits, activation factors, event details with ALT values, associated with the signs and symptoms. • A listing of out-of-range definitions is provided.
In listings of individuals with PCSAs, liver function data, CPK, and eosinophils are expressed as multiples of the corresponding ULN.
Urinalysis data [000451] All qualitative test results (dipstick), including recorded values, are listed.
Vital Signs Blood Pressure and Heart Rate [000452] Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and BPD) are measured after 10 minutes in the supine resting position and also after 3 minutes in the upright position, except when connected to the Biostator ®.
[000453] The values to be used as the reference values are the D1 pre-dose estimate value for each treatment period. If any of the scheduled benchmark tests are repeated for any individual, the last recorded values are considered to be benchmarks, provided they are done before IP Administration.
[000454] For heart rate and blood pressure, orthostatic differences are calculated as the change from supine to upright position.
[000455] For all parameters, an analysis "under treatment" will be performed including all unplanned and recognized values.
[000456] The following tables and listings are provided: • The summary tables of counts of individuals with PCSAs are provided as tables of incidence of post-reference value PCSAs, regardless of the normal or abnormal state of the reference value • For heart rate and blood pressure (supine and upright positions), raw data and reference value changes (supine position only) are summarized in descriptive statistics, for measurement type (position) each parameter and time point, based on pre measurements -planned doses and defined reference value • All individual data, including unplanned and recorded values, are listed (supine, upright, orthostatic difference). In these listings, the values are flagged when reaching the limits of the PCSA criteria when defined • A listing of individual post-reference PCSA data is provided • Comments related to vital sign assessments are also listed in the Appendix, if any.
Body Weight, Body Mass Index, and Body Temperature [000457] The values to be used as reference values for body weight and BMI are the values collected in D1 of TP1. [000458] The values to be used as reference values for body temperature are the values collected in D1 of each TP. [000459] Individual data are listed including flags (weight only) for values when reaching the limits of the PCSA criteria.
ECG
[000460] Heart rate, intervals of PQ, QRS, and QT and corrected QT (QTc) of automatic reading are analyzed as raw parameter value and change of reference value.
[000461] The values to be used as the reference value are the pre-dose value for day 1 of each period. If any of the scheduled benchmark tests are repeated for any individual, the recorded values are considered to be benchmarks, provided they were done prior to the period's drug administration.
[000462] For all parameters, an analysis under treatment is performed using all post-reference value estimates made during the period under treatment, including recorded values. Counts of individuals with post-baseline PCSAs are provided in summary tables regardless of normal or abnormal baseline status, by treatment groups.
[000463] The raw data for all parameters and change of reference value are summarized in descriptive statistics by parameter, treatment, and measurement time.
[000464] Individual data, including recorded values, are listed, classified according to treatment, individual, visit and measurement time. In the listings, values reaching the limits of the PCSA criteria are flagged.
[000465] A listing of individual data from individuals with post-value PCSAs is provided, sorted by type of measurement and sorted by individual, period, and measurement time. [000466] Additionally, a separate cardiac profile listing for individuals with prolonged QTc (> 450 ms for Males and> 470 ms for Females) or changes in reference value in QTc> 60 ms (for males and females) and a listing of individuals with at least one abnormality in qualitative estimation (i.e., abnormal ECG) after the 1st dosage are also provided.
Other Related Security Parameters Physical Examination [000467] List of comments related to the physical examination is provided, if any.
Local Tolerability at the Injection Site [000468] Frequency distributions per treatment are provided for local tolerability levels at the injection site. The individual data is listed. In each criterion and treatment, an individual is counted with his most serious result.
Allergic Reactions Listings for allergic reactions [000469] Any case of allergic reaction is documented with an adverse event with detailed supplementary information. All cases are described in detail in the clinical study report.
[000470] Individual cases and all complementary data are listed.
Allergic Medical History and Family Medical History [000471] The allergic medical history and family medical history are documented for individuals with any occurrence of a potential allergic reaction. All details of allergic medical history and family medical history are listed on an individual basis.
Anti-insulin Antibodies [000472] A summary table is provided with the number of individuals for anti-insulin antibody results during the study and post-study investigations. The individual individual listing is provided.
Pharmacokinetic Data Analysis Pharmacokinetic Parameters [000473] The list of PK parameters is shown above. In addition, T50% -AUC0-36 for insulin is derived in the context of statistical analysis.
Statistical Analysis [000474] The pharmacokinetic parameters of insulin glargine are listed and summarized using at least arithmetic and geometric means, standard deviation (SD), standard error of the mean (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV%), minimum, medium and maximum for each treatment. [000475] All pharmacokinetic analyzes cover data from the corresponding pharmacokinetic populations as defined above. No alpha-level adjustments are made for multiple analyzes. [000476] Statistical analyzes compare test treatments (T1 to T3) versus reference treatment (R).
Treatment Analysis Relationships [000477] The analysis is performed for AUC0-36 for insulin glargine.
Before all the analyzes described below, the AUC0-36 values are log-transformed (natural log).
[000478] The transformed Log parameters are analyzed with a mixed linear effects model with fixed terms for sequence, period and treatment log (parameter) = sequence + period + treatment + error, and with an unstructured R matrix of variances and pit - treatment riencies (i, i) for individual within the sequence blocks, using SAS PROC MIXED.
[000479] Estimate and 90% confidence interval (CI) for the ratio of geometric means of treatments (T1 / R, T2 / R, T3 / R) are obtained by computing the estimate and 90% CI for the difference between the means of treatment in the mixed linear effects model structure, and then converting a relation of geometric means by the transformation of antilog. Bioequivalence is completed if the 90% CI for the ratio is completely within the reference range of 0.80 to 1.25 equivalence.
[000480] Listings of individual treatment relationships (T1 / R, T2 / R, T3 / R) are provided with the corresponding descriptive statistics. T5o% -AUCo-36 for Insulin [000481] The distribution of Tõ0% -AUC0-36 values for insulin is represented by histogram plots for each treatment. In addition, a histogram of differences in T50% -AUC0-36 between treatments (T1-R, T2-R, T3-R) is provided.
[000482] T50% -AUC0-36 (h) is analyzed non-parametrically.
Dose Exposure Linkage for Insulin Glargine U300 Descriptive Dose Exposure Linkage Analysis [000483] Dose exposure linkage for insulin glargine U300 is described graphically by • plots per exposure individual over the total dose per individual • plots per individual of exposure on dose per kg of body weight • plots per individual of exposure of normalized dose on dose per kg of body weight (dose normalization on 0.6 U / kg) [000484] If considered necessary for interpretation of results, additional descriptive analyzes are added.
Dose Exposure Linkage Statistical Analysis [000485] For AUC insulin glargine calculated for T1-T3 test treatments, Dose exposure linkage is estimated using the empirical strength model (PK- parameter = a * doseb), along with an "estimate" interpretation, according to the recommendations in Gough et al. (Gough K, Hutchison M, Keene O and others Assessment of dose proportionality: report from the pharmaceutical industry. Drug Information Journal 1995; 29: 1039-1048) .
[000486] The empirical strength model provides an easily and interpretable measure of the degree of non-proportionality, which can be used both to confirm proportionality and to estimate the pharmacokinetics and clinical significance of any deviation. Analysis of dose proportionality studies, however, requires estimation rather than the significance test so that the pharmacokinetics and clinical significance of any non-proportionality can be estimated.
[000487] The force model is adjusted on the log-transformed scale using a random dose coefficient force model (in U / kg body weight): log (parameter) = (log (alpha) + alpha [i] ) + (beta + beta [i]) * log (dose) where log (alpha) and beta are the population intercept and slope, respectively, and alpha [i] and beta [i] are the random divergences of alpha and beta , respectively, is the individual i-th.
[000488] Estimates for beta with 90% confidence intervals are obtained using the generalized least squares estimated in the SAS® / PROC MIXED procedure, with estimates of maximum restricted probability (REML) of covariance parameters. Estimates and 90% confidence intervals for beta are also used to obtain estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the increase in PK parameter associated with a r-fold decrease in dose (r = 1.5 and r = 2, 25 [ie, high dose / low dose]), ex-referencing r by the forces of beta estimation and confidence limits.
[000489] If there is evidence of lack of fit, the mixed effect model (when used for analysis of treatment relationships) is used for the analysis. Estimates with 90% CIs for parameter increases associated with dose increases in pairs are obtained by first computing the CI estimates for differences in pairs between doses in the mixed effects model structure, and then converting a relationship using antilog transformation.
PK / PD analysis
[000490] If appropriate, graph displays (scatter plots) are generated to explore the PK / PD bond.
Example 14: Results of the Individual Disposition Study [000491] A total of 24 individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus were enrolled, randomized and received at least one dose of study medication. Of the 24 randomized individuals, 2 individuals withdrew from the study at their own request. Twenty-two (22) individuals completed the study according to the protocol and were included in the pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyzes. All 24 treated individuals were included in the safety assessment.
[000492] There was no major protocol divergence.
Demographic characteristics [000493] The following data (Table 12) were collected: sex, age under evaluation, height, weight, and race. Body mass indexes (BMI) per individual were calculated from body weight and height data: BMI = body weight [kg] - (height [m]) - 2.
Staple performance [000494] In the four treatment periods for each individual, R (Lantus U100), T1 (0.4 U / kg HOE901-U 300), T2 (0.6 U / kg HOE901-U 300) and T3 (0.9 U / kg of HOE901-U 300), the individual's reference blood glucose concentrations before insulin medication were similar, setting the staple level at 100 mg / dL. The duration of the observation period for the staples after dosing was 36 hours and the same for all treatment periods.
Primary Purposes [000495] Equivalence in bioavailability (exposure) and bioeffectiveness (activity) for R and T has not been established.
Primary Variables [000496] The area under a serum insulin glargine concentration time curve from 0 to 36 hours (INS-AUC (0-36h)) was not equivalent for R and T1 and T2 and about equivalent with T3. Exposure was estimated to be about 37% lower with T1, less than 43% lower with T2 and similar with T3, compared to R.
[000497] The area under the GIR versus time curve from 0 to 36 hours (GIR-AUC (0-36h)) was not equivalent for R and T1 and T2 and about equivalent with T3. The consumption of exogenous glucose required to preserve blood glucose control was estimated to be lower by about 88% with T1, 67% with T2 while about similar with T3.
Secondary Variables [000498] The time for 50% INS-AUC (0-36h) (h) with R was about 14 h and thus shorter when compared to about 16 h, 16 h and 19 h with T1, T2 and T3, respectively.
[000499] The time for 50% of GIR-AUC (0-36h) (h) with R was about 12 h and thus shorter when compared to about 17 h, 18 h and 20 h with T1, T2 and T3, respectively.
Security [000500] No serious adverse events (AEs) or removal due to AEs have been reported. Two individuals in R, 2 in T1 and 4 in T3 reported a total of 8 TEAEs, all of which were of homogeneous to moderate intensity, and resolved without sequelae. The most frequently reported event was headache. Of note, headache is a common observation for staple studies and is related to the infusion of hyperosmolar glycoside solutions. However, a link to investigative products cannot be excluded. No reactions at the injection site were reported with T1, T2 and T3 at the same time that 2 subjects in R developed erythema that was hardly noticeable at the injection site.
Conclusions [000501] The same doses of R and T U 300 are not equivalent in bioavailability (exposure) and bioeffectiveness (activity) after single dose administration. Exposure and activity after T1 (0.4 U / kg) and T2 (0.6 U / kg) were less when compared to exposure and activity after administration of R (0.4U / kg). R and T3 were virtually equivalent to exogenous glucose exposure and consumption.
[000502] T1, T2 and T3, however, showed a PK (exposure) and PD (activity) profile even more flat with even less fluctuation around the averages than R, that is, a profile as would be desired for insulin supply basal. This is particularly evident when comparing R and T3, which provides nominal equivalent total exposure and total glucose consumption across different profiles.
[000503] These surprising and unexpected differences in exposure and activity between formulations R (Lantus U100) and T (HOE901-U300) in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus are effectively shown in the figures below.
[000504] Furthermore, the administration of T (HOE901-U300) was without safety and tolerability results.
Example 15: Rational study to compare glycodynamic activity and exposure of two different subcutaneous doses of (HOE901-U300) with Lantus U100 in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
[000505] The results of the study in healthy individuals and in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (see the examples below) showed that the exposure and effectiveness should not be equivalent between Lan-tus® U100 and insulin glargine U300. The subjects received the same dose of insulin glargine (0.4U / kg) for U100 and U300, but the release of the same unit-quantity of U300 produced less exposure to less exogenous glucose consumption to preserve blood glucose control than U100 release. Although Lantus U100 shows exposure and pharmacodynamic profiles without pronounced fluctuation around the averages, HOE901-U300, however, showed even less fluctuation in exposure and pharmacodynamic profiles, as would be desired for the supply of basal insulin, with an even longer duration of action.
[000506] To estimate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile under steady state conditions, a new study described in the following examples, therefore, compares two different subcutaneous doses of insulin glargine U300 versus a standard dose of Lantus® U100 when compared to a staple environment final euglycemic in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Melito. This study aims to estimate a dose of U300 that is effective for 0.4U / kg Lantus® U100 as estimated by blood glucose control parameters and blood glucose provision provided by the clip. [000507] Insulin glargine exposure is estimated from concentration-time profiles after repeated subcutaneous administration in steady state, and activity such as use of glucose per unit of insulin in steady state.
[000508] The study comprises two crossing treatments (R and T1, and R and T2) in 2 parallel groups, with 2 treatment periods (TP1, TP2) and 2 sequences, each. There is an evaluation visit (D-21 to D-3), treatment visits (D1 to D10 in TP1 and TP2 with night dosing), with domestic periods (D1 to D4 morning and D8 morning to D10 night for staple estimates) and an end-of-study visit (between D7 to D10 after the last dose) with final safety estimation parameters.
[000509] The dose of Lantus® U100 of 0.4 U / kg selected for the study is well characterized to provide euglycemic blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes patients and has been easily investigated in other staple studies with type 1 diabetes patients 1. [000510] Two different doses are tested for insulin glargine U300, 0.4 and 0.6 U / kg. This dose range allows for an approximate dose efficiency to 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100. The dose of 0.4 U / kg of insulin glargine U300 has already been tested in healthy volunteers and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (see examples below) and was found to be less active than 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 in 30 and 36 hours, respectively, the predefined end of the observation periods. Blood glucose control with 0.4 U / kg of insulin glargine U300 required less provision of total glucose than that of the reference medication (0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100). A correspondingly larger dose of insulin glargine U300, for example, 0.6 U / kg of insulin glargine U300, is expected to result in even more restricted blood glucose control in less total glucose disposition. In addition, proportional dose escalation allows you to explore exposure and effect profiles for dose proportionality.
[000511] A study in patients with type 1 diabetes avoids confusing the impact of endogenous insulin and allows a better estimate of exposure and duration of action.
[000512] This study has a crossover design; based on the results of previous studies no more than two doses of HOE901-U300 will be compared with Lantus® U100. Estimation of glycodynamic activity of long-acting insulin products requires an euglycemic clamp adjustment beyond 24 hours, the predefined injection interval, due to the prolonged duration of action.
[000513] The active pharmaceutical ingredient, insulin glargine, is the same in both formulations, U100 and U300. The doses used in this study are within the range of regular use. Although a total risk of hypoglycemia is not completely excluded, it is controlled by an euglycemic clamp technique.
Pharmacodynamics [000514] The pharmacodynamic insulin glargine activity is assessed by an euglycemic clamp technique in type 1 diabetes patients, which is the standard procedure established to assess the effect of exogenous insulin products administered on blood glucose disposal.
[000515] The specific parameters for estimating glucose disposition in an euglycemic clamp adjustment are the glucose infusion rate (GIR) standardized by body weight, total glucose arranged in 24 and 36 hours, respectively, GIR-AUC0-24 and GIR-AUC0-36, and times for a given percentage of GIR-AUC0-24 and GIR-AUC0-36 such as time for 50% of GIR-AUC0-36.
[000516] The auxiliary parameters are the standardized maximum smoothed body weight GIR, GIRmax, and Time for GIRmax, GIR-Tmax. [000517] The duration of action of insulin glargine is derived from the time between dosing and pre-specified divergences above the euglycemic level (staple).
[000518] Glucose monitoring is performed for 36 hours due to a long duration of action of insulin glargine after subcutaneous administration Pharmacokinetics [000519] Due to the nature of prolonged release of insulin glargine there is a lack of pronounced peaks in a profile concentration. Therefore, the time for 50% INS-AUC (eg, T50% INS-AUC0-36) is calculated as a measure for the time location of an insulin glargine exposure profile, and INS-Cmax and INS-Tmax serve as additional measurements.
Primary Study Objectives [000520] The primary study objective is to estimate blood glucose control and exogenous glucose consumption required from two different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 in steady state.
Secondary Study Objectives [000521] The secondary study objectives are to estimate in steady state the exposure ratios of two different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100, to compare an action duration of two different doses of insulin glargine U300 versus 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100, to explore the dose response and dose exposure exposure of insulin glargine U300, and estimate the safety and tolerability of insulin glargine U300 in individuals with diabetes type 1.
Example 16: Changing the dissolution properties of acidic long-acting insulin formulations in higher concentrations [000522] The influence of higher concentrations of insulin glargine formulations with reference to the dissolving properties are investigated using an in vitro test system. To do this, precipitation studies are performed using a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4, simulating in vivo conditions.
[000523] The supernatant of a precipitated insulin is investigated using HPLC technique to determine the insulin glargine content.
Detailed description of the studies: Preparation of the precipitation buffer solution: [000524] 19.32 mg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (M: 137.98 g / mol) are dissolved per ml of water. 0.1 M sodium hydroxide or 0.1 M hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH to 7.4.
Performance of precipitation studies: [000525] Insulin glargine drug product solutions having concentrations up to 1000 U / mL and comprising the same total amount of insulin glargine and the buffer are placed in plastic tubes and are slightly agitated. After the precipitation of an insulin glargine, the dispersions are centrifuged in slow revolutions for a predefined period of time. A defined volume of the dissolution medium is removed and replaced with fresh buffer medium.
Determination of an insulin content: [000526] The insulin glargine content in the samples of the supernatant is quantified against the respective insulin reference standard by reverse phase HPLC using a mobile two-phase system, containing a dihydrogen phosphate buffer. sodium in water, sodium chloride (NaCl) and different amounts of acetonitrile.
[000527] As a stationary phase an octadodecyl column is used, wavelength detection is 215 nm.
[000528] The insulin glargine release profile of the superior concentrated solutions (eg U500 and U1000) is flatter and longer compared to Lantus U100.
Example 17: Microscopic investigation of precipitates [000529] The precipitates of insulin glargine formulations having concentrations of 100 U / ml, 300 U / ml, 500 U / ml 700 U / ml and 1000 U / ml were investigated by microscopy. Said formulations (with an identical amount of 60U of insulin glargine) were precipitated in 200 pL of a phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 and were investigated by transmitted light microscope (Olympus Model BX61) with the magnitudes 100x, the drawings are shown in the following also showing the maximum diameters. These investigations revealed differences in the characteristics of precipitations, leading to notable larger particles with increasing concentrations. The results are shown in figure 8.
Example 18: Blood glucose lowering effect of insulin glargine in dogs [000530] The blood glucose lowering effect of insulin glargine was evaluated in healthy normoglycemic Beagle dogs. The dogs received single subcutaneous injections of 0.3 lU / kg. Venous blood glucose was determined before the first injection and subsequently for up to 24 hours.
[000531] The animals were taken from the cohort of ~ 30 healthy normoglycemic male Beagle dogs, originally obtained from Harlan. The dogs were kept in kennel groups under standardized conditions. The day before the study began, the dogs were randomly assigned to study cages. They were fasted 18 hours before the start and throughout the experiment with free access to tap water. The body weight of the dogs in the present study was between 13 and 27 kg. After each experiment the dogs were allowed to recover for at least two weeks.
[000532] Animals were randomized to groups of n = 6. At time point zero the animals were treated with single doses of the test compound. Insulin glargine was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.3 IU / kg.
[000533] Blood sampling was performed consecutively through puncture of the forearm vein (Vena cephalica) before drug administration (0 h) and therefore up to 24 hours. Blood glucose was determined enzymatically (Gluco-quant® Glucose / HK kit in Roche / Hitachi 912).
[000534] The effect on blood glucose following subcutaneous injection of differently concentrated insulin glargine preparations, 100 and 300 units / mL, was tested in healthy normoglycemic Beagle dogs.
[000535] With the increase in the concentration of insulin glargine the average time of action increased from 6.8h (U100) to 7.69h (U300), respectively.
[000536] By increasing a glargine concentration from 100 to 300 U / mL, the action profile with the time of blood glucose decrease was changed to a more uniform and prolonged activity in the dog.
[000537] Current data in dogs are compatible with data in humans showing that higher drug concentrations of insulin glargine are positively correlated with profile and longer duration of action.
FIGURES
[000538] The figures below effectively show the surprising and unexpected differences in exposure (PK) and activity (PD) between Lantus U100 and Lantus U300 formulations (insulin glargine U100 and insulin glargine U300 formulations) after the same sc dose given to individuals healthy, at the same time that blood glucose (PD) was constant.
Brief Description of the Drawings figure 1: Glucose infusion rate (GIR) Lantus U100 figure 2: Glucose infusion rate (GIR) Lantus U300 figure 3: Serum insulin concentrations; Lantus U100 (left) and U300 (right) figure 4: blood glucose (1/2) figure 5: blood glucose (2/2) figure 6: Results of a dose-response, double-blind, randomized, 4-sequence study of crossing, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 U / kg of HOE-901-U300 (insulin glargine U300) compared to 0.4 U / kg of Lantus® U100 (insulin glargine U100) in patients with diabetes type 1 melito using the euglycemic clamp technique. Upper panel: insulin glargine concentration (mU / L), middle panel: blood glucose (BG, mg / dL), lower panel: glucose infusion rate (GIR, mg.kg-1.min-1). The curves show smoothed LO-WESS averages for all data points for all individuals (population averages); LOWESS is a data analysis technique to produce a "homogeneous" set of values from a time series that has been contaminated with noise, or from a scatter plot with a "noisy" connection between the 2 variables. glucose infusion (GIR, mg.kg-1.min-1). [000539] The curves show homogeneous LOWESS averages for all data points for all individuals (population averages); LOWESS is a data analysis technique to produce a "homogeneous" set of values from a time series that has been contaminated with noise, or from a scatter plot with a "noisy" connection between the 2 variables Legend: Profiles 1 to 3 ( top to bottom) [000540] Results of a parallel, randomized, double-blind, dose-response study of 0.4, 0.6 and 1.2 U / kg Lantus® U100 (insulin glargine U100) in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients using an euglycemic staple technique.
Legend: Profiles 4 to 7 (top to bottom) [000541] Results of a randomized, 4-sequence, crossover, double-blind, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 U / kg randomized response study of HOE-901-U300 (insulin glargine U300) compared to 0.4 U / kg of Lan-tus® U100 (insulin glargine U100) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using the euglycemic clamp technique.
Figure 8: Light microscope drawings of precipitates of insulin glargine formulations with increasing concentrations: A: 100 U / mL, B: 300 U / mL, C: 500 U / mL, D: 700 U / mL and E: 1000 U / mL, with a magnitude of 100x and including maximum diameters.
[000542] All precipitations are performed with 60U insulin glargine. Figure 9: Controlled action profile of insulin glargine U-100 vs. U-300 in normoglycemic dogs List of abbreviations ° C Degrees Celsius ABE Mean bioequivalence AE Adverse event ALT Alanine Aminotransferase aPPT Partial thromboplastin time activated ARF Acute Renal Insufficiency AST Aspartate Aminotransferase β-HCG Coriongonadotropin Beta-HRKmin-bmin-per-minute Phosphokinase CRF Case Report Form DRF Discrepancy Resolution Form ECG Electrocardiogram EOS End of study (visit) GCP Good Clinical Practice GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase Hb Hemoglobin HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin HBs Hepatitis B surface
Hct Hematocrit HCV Hepatitis C Virus HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HR Heart rate INN Name Non-proprietary International INR International Standardized Relationship (prothrombin time) IP Investigational Product IRB / IEC Institutional Review Board / Independent Ethics Committees Kg Kilogram LOQ Limit of quantification PT Prothrombin Time QTc QT interval automatically corrected by the ECG machine QTcB QT interval corrected by the Bazett formula QTcF QT interval corrected by the Fridericia QtcN formula QT interval corrected by a population method QtcNi QT interval corrected by individual population method RBC Red Blood Cell Count SBP Systolic Blood Pressure SCR Assessment (visit) UDS Urine Drug Analysis ULN Normal Range Upper Limit WBC White Blood Cell Count CLAIMS

权利要求:
Claims (23)
[1]
1. Aqueous pharmaceutical formulation, characterized by the fact that it comprises 300 U / mL of insulin glargine which is equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin, in which said aqueous pharmaceutical formulation further comprises one or more excipients selected from the group comprising zinc, m- cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium.
[2]
Aqueous formulation according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the exendin-4 analogue is selected from a group consisting of lixisenatide, exenatide and liraglutide.
[3]
Aqueous formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[4]
Aqueous formulation according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises 0.2 to 1 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[5]
Aqueous formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises 0.25 pg to 0.7 pg of lixisena-tide per U of insulin glargine.
[6]
Aqueous formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 90 pg / ml zinc, 2.7 mg / ml m-cresol and 20 mg / ml 85% glycerol.
[7]
7. Aqueous formulation according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises 90 pg / ml of zinc, 2.7 mg / ml of m-cresol, 20 pg / ml of polysorbate 20 and 20 mg / ml of glycerol 85% roll.
[8]
Aqueous formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the pH is between 3.4 and 4.6.
[9]
9. Aqueous formulation according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the pH is 4.
[10]
An aqueous formulation according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the pH is 4.5.
[11]
11. Use of insulin glargine at a concentration of 300 U / mL which is equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin, characterized by the fact that it is in the preparation of an aqueous pharmaceutical composition to treat Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a patient.
[12]
12. Use according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises excipients selected from the group consisting of zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium.
[13]
Use according to claim 11, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[14]
14. Use of insulin glargine at a concentration of 300 U / mL which is equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin, characterized by the fact that it is in the preparation of an aqueous pharmaceutical composition to extend the duration of exposure of a long-acting insulin in the treatment Type I and Type II Diabetes in a patient.
[15]
Use according to claim 14, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises excipients selected from the group consisting of zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium.
[16]
16. Use according to claim 14, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[17]
17. Use of insulin glargine at a concentration of 300 U / mL which is equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin, characterized by the fact that it is in the preparation of an aqueous pharmaceutical composition to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia in the treatment of Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Type II in a patient with long-acting insulin.
[18]
18. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises excipients selected from the group consisting of zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium.
[19]
19. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[20]
20. Use of insulin glargine at a concentration of 300 U / mL which is equimolar to 300 IU of human insulin, characterized by the fact that it is in the preparation of an aqueous pharmaceutical composition to provide a basal, long-acting peak insulin in the treatment Type I and Type II Diabetes in a patient.
[21]
21. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises excipients selected from the group consisting of zinc, m-cresol, glycerol, polysorbate 20 and sodium.
[22]
22. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition further comprises 0.1 pg to 10 pg of lixisenatide per U of insulin glargine.
[23]
23. Use of an aqueous formulation as defined in any of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that it is in the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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法律状态:
2018-01-16| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|

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2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2018-07-24| B07E| Notice of approval relating to section 229 industrial property law [chapter 7.5 patent gazette]|Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE ANUENCIA RELACIONADA COM O ART 229 DA LPI |

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2019-02-05| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|

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2019-08-20| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-01-14| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-03-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 18/05/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP10305532|2010-05-19|

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